IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/beexfi/v44y2024ics2214635024000893.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Financial literacy and investment behavior of individuals in Pakistan: Evidence from an Environment prone to religious sentiment

Author

Listed:
  • Shah, Sobia Shafaq
  • Qureshi, Fiza
  • Memon, Farzana Akmal
  • Uddin, Md Hamid

Abstract

We explore the relationship dynamics between individual’s financial literacy and objective-oriented investment behaviour (OOIB) using the survey data from 686 investors in Pakistan. Drawing impetus from the social cognitive theory, we find that financial literacy significantly influences OOIB, which is subject to the individual’s belief in his/her capacity to manage their own investment portfolio (financial self-efficacy). However, we do not find the hypothesized moderating effect of financial risk attitude on the nexus between financial self-efficacy and OOIB. Our research indicates that factors such as gender, age, education, occupation, income level, and investment experience have a considerable impact on individual's confidence and risk-taking propensity in achieving financial goals. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and government bodies aiming to address financial concerns and develop prudent investment policies in an environment influenced by religious sentiments.

Suggested Citation

  • Shah, Sobia Shafaq & Qureshi, Fiza & Memon, Farzana Akmal & Uddin, Md Hamid, 2024. "Financial literacy and investment behavior of individuals in Pakistan: Evidence from an Environment prone to religious sentiment," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:beexfi:v:44:y:2024:i:c:s2214635024000893
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbef.2024.100974
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214635024000893
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jbef.2024.100974?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hemrajani, Pragati & Rajni, & Khan, Muskan & Dhiman, Rahul, 2023. "Financial risk tolerance: A review and research agenda," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 41(6), pages 1119-1133.
    2. van Rooij, Maarten & Lusardi, Annamaria & Alessie, Rob, 2011. "Financial literacy and stock market participation," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(2), pages 449-472, August.
    3. Kyoung Tae Kim & Soo Hyun Cho & Sharon A. DeVaney, 2021. "Racial/ethnic differences in holding a retirement saving motive: A decomposition analysis," Journal of Consumer Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(2), pages 464-482, June.
    4. Kwame Mireku & Francis Appiah & Joseph Akadeagre Agana, 2023. "Is there a link between financial literacy and financial behaviour?," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(1), pages 2188712-218, December.
    5. Elise Frølich Furrebøe & Ellen Katrine Nyhus, 2022. "Financial self‐efficacy, financial literacy, and gender: A review," Journal of Consumer Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 56(2), pages 743-765, June.
    6. Nimra Noor & Irem Batool & Hafiz Muhammad Arshad & David McMillan, 2020. "Financial literacy, financial self-efficacy and financial account ownership behavior in Pakistan," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(1), pages 1806479-180, January.
    7. Ahmed Bossman & Mariya Gubareva & Tamara Teplova, 2024. "Hedge and safe-haven attributes of faith-based stocks vis-à-vis cryptocurrency environmental attention: a multi-scale quantile regression analysis," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(31), pages 3698-3721, July.
    8. Robert Cummins & Helen Nistico, 2002. "Maintaining Life Satisfaction: The Role of Positive Cognitive Bias," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 3(1), pages 37-69, March.
    9. Ortmann, Regina & Pelster, Matthias & Wengerek, Sascha Tobias, 2020. "COVID-19 and investor behavior," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 37(C).
    10. Vieira, Kelmara Mendes & Potrich, Ani Caroline Grigion & Bressan, Aureliano Angel & Klein, Leander Luiz, 2021. "Loss of financial well-being in the COVID-19 pandemic: Does job stability make a difference?," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(C).
    11. Sumaira Khawar & Aamir Sarwar, 2021. "Financial literacy and financial behavior with the mediating effect of family financial socialization in the financial institutions of Lahore, Pakistan," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 1-11, December.
    12. Farrell, Lisa & Fry, Tim R.L. & Risse, Leonora, 2016. "The significance of financial self-efficacy in explaining women’s personal finance behaviour," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 85-99.
    13. Shih-Wei Chou & Ming-Chia Hsieh & Hui-Chun Pan, 2024. "Understanding the impact of self-regulation on perceived learning outcomes based on social cognitive theory," Behaviour and Information Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(6), pages 1129-1148, April.
    14. Forbes, James & Kara, S. Murat, 2010. "Confidence mediates how investment knowledge influences investing self-efficacy," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 435-443, June.
    15. Aamir Shehzad & Shahzadah Fahed Qureshi & Muhammad Zubair Saeed & Shahid Ali, 2023. "The impact of financial risk attitude on objective-oriented investment behavior," International Journal of Financial Engineering (IJFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 10(01), pages 1-17, March.
    16. Lee, Suin & Pantzalis, Christos & Park, Jung Chul, 2019. "Does local culture trigger speculative investment behavior?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 71-88.
    17. Muhammad Subtain Raza & Jun Tang & Sana Rubab & Xin Wen, 2019. "Determining the nexus between financial inclusion and economic development in Pakistan," Journal of Money Laundering Control, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 22(2), pages 195-209, May.
    18. Liu, Liu & Zhang, Hua, 2021. "Financial literacy, self-efficacy and risky credit behavior among college students: Evidence from online consumer credit," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(C).
    19. Ali, Shoaib & Naveed, Muhammad & Hanif, Hasan & Gubareva, Mariya, 2024. "The resilience of Shariah-compliant investments: Probing the static and dynamic connectedness between gold-backed cryptocurrencies and GCC equity markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    20. Seth, Himanshu & Talwar, Shalini & Bhatia, Anuj & Saxena, Akanksha & Dhir, Amandeep, 2020. "Consumer resistance and inertia of retail investors: Development of the resistance adoption inertia continuance (RAIC) framework," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    21. Amiratul Nadiah Hasan & Aisyah Abdul-Rahman & Zaleha Yazid, 2020. "Shariahgovernance practices at Islamic fund management companies," Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 11(2), pages 309-325, January.
    22. Noviarini, Jelita & Coleman, Andrew & Roberts, Helen & Whiting, Rosalind H., 2021. "Financial literacy, debt, risk tolerance and retirement preparedness: Evidence from New Zealand," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    23. Jariwala Harsha Vijaykumar, 2022. "The Association of Financial Socialization with Financial Self-Efficacy and Autonomy: A Study of Young Students in India," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 43(2), pages 397-414, June.
    24. Yogita Singh & Mohd. Adil & S. M. Imamul Haque, 2023. "Personality traits and behaviour biases: the moderating role of risk-tolerance," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(4), pages 3549-3573, August.
    25. Chang, Betty P.I. & Webb, Thomas L. & Benn, Yael & Reynolds, James P., 2017. "Monitoring personal finances: Evidence that goal progress and regulatory focus influence when people check their balance," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 33-49.
    26. Brüggen, Elisabeth C. & Hogreve, Jens & Holmlund, Maria & Kabadayi, Sertan & Löfgren, Martin, 2017. "Financial well-being: A conceptualization and research agenda," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 228-237.
    27. Sanjay Rastogi & Saurabh Gupta, 2020. "Development of Scale to Measure Objectives-Oriented Investment Behavior," Journal of Behavioral Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(3), pages 301-310, July.
    28. Yang, Cheng & Wang, Jie & Liu, Xiaoyu, 2024. "What affects the financial asset allocation of the elderly? From the perspective of financial literacy and risk attitude," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    29. Taejun (David) Lee & TaiWoong Yun & Eric Haley, 2017. "What You Think You Know: The Effects of Prior Financial Education and Readability on Financial Disclosure Processing," Journal of Behavioral Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 125-142, April.
    30. Elise Frølich Furrebøe & Ellen Katrine Nyhus & Andrew Musau, 2023. "Gender differences in recollections of economic socialization, financial self‐efficacy, and financial literacy," Journal of Consumer Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(1), pages 69-91, January.
    31. John E. Grable & Michael J. Roszkowski, 2008. "The influence of mood on the willingness to take financial risks," Journal of Risk Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(7), pages 905-923, October.
    32. Umer Mushtaq Lone & Suhail Ahmad Bhat, 2024. "Impact of financial literacy on financial well-being: a mediational role of financial self-efficacy," Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 29(1), pages 122-137, March.
    33. Olubanjo Michael Adetunji & Olayinka David‐West, 2019. "The Relative Impact of Income and Financial Literacy on Financial Inclusion in Nigeria," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(4), pages 312-335, May.
    34. Yusuf Dinc & Mehmet Çetin & Rashed Jahangir, 2023. "Revisiting the concept of Islamic financial literacy in a boundaryless context: cross-country comparison of Islamic financial literacy," Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 14(8), pages 1364-1382, February.
    35. Ullah, Rafid & Ismail, Hishamuddin Bin & Islam Khan, Mohammad Tariqul & Zeb, Ali, 2024. "Nexus between Chat GPT usage dimensions and investment decisions making in Pakistan: Moderating role of financial literacy," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    36. Shahid, Ahmad Usman & Patel, Chris & Pan, Peipei, 2022. "Corporate social responsibility, intrinsic religiosity, and investment decisions," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(C).
    37. Brooks, Chris & Williams, Louis, 2021. "The impact of personality traits on attitude to financial risk," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    38. Sondra G. Beverly & Marianne A. Hilgert & Jeanne M. Hogarth, 2003. "Household financial management: the connection between knowledge and behavior," Federal Reserve Bulletin, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), issue Jul, pages 309-322.
    39. Fawad Ahmad, 2020. "Personality traits as predictor of cognitive biases: moderating role of risk-attitude," Qualitative Research in Financial Markets, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 12(4), pages 465-484, June.
    40. Holden, Stein T. & Tilahun, Mesfin, 2022. "Are risk preferences explaining gender differences in investment behavior?," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    41. Barber, Brad M. & Odean, Terrance, 2013. "The Behavior of Individual Investors," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, in: G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 1533-1570, Elsevier.
    42. Kawamura, Tetsuya & Mori, Tomoharu & Motonishi, Taizo & Ogawa, Kazuhito, 2021. "Is Financial Literacy Dangerous? Financial Literacy, Behavioral Factors, and Financial Choices of Households," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    43. Jinhee Kim & Mariana K. Falconier & C. Andrew Conway, 2023. "Relationships Among Emotion Regulation, Financial Self-Efficacy, and Financial Management Behaviors of Couples," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 44(2), pages 342-355, June.
    44. Bernhard A. Metzger & Robert R. Fehr, 2018. "Measuring Financial Risk Attitude: How to Apply Both Regulatory and Scientific Criteria to Ensure Suitability," Journal of Behavioral Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(2), pages 221-234, April.
    45. Lynne Borden & Sun-A Lee & Joyce Serido & Dawn Collins, 2008. "Changing College Students’ Financial Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior through Seminar Participation," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 29(1), pages 23-40, March.
    46. Keller, Carmen & Siegrist, Michael, 2006. "Investing in stocks: The influence of financial risk attitude and values-related money and stock market attitudes," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 285-303, April.
    47. Morgan, Peter J. & Long, Trinh Quang, 2020. "Financial literacy, financial inclusion, and savings behavior in Laos," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Azra Zaimovic & Anes Torlakovic & Almira Arnaut-Berilo & Tarik Zaimovic & Lejla Dedovic & Minela Nuhic Meskovic, 2023. "Mapping Financial Literacy: A Systematic Literature Review of Determinants and Recent Trends," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-30, June.
    2. Umer Mushtaq Lone & Suhail Ahmad Bhat, 2024. "Impact of financial literacy on financial well-being: a mediational role of financial self-efficacy," Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 29(1), pages 122-137, March.
    3. Shikha Bhatia & Sonali Singh, 2024. "Exploring financial well-being of working professionals in the Indian context," Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 29(2), pages 474-487, June.
    4. Liu, Liu & Zhang, Hua, 2021. "Financial literacy, self-efficacy and risky credit behavior among college students: Evidence from online consumer credit," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(C).
    5. Margaret Miller & Julia Reichelstein & Christian Salas & Bilal Zia, 2015. "Can You Help Someone Become Financially Capable? A Meta-Analysis of the Literature," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 30(2), pages 220-246.
    6. Lim, Thien Sang & Mail, Rasid & Abd Karim, Mohd Rahimie & Ahmad Baharul Ulum, Zatul Karamah & Jaidi, Junainah & Noordin, Raman, 2018. "A serial mediation model of financial knowledge on the intention to invest: The central role of risk perception and attitude," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 74-79.
    7. Shekinah E. Dare & Wilco W. Dijk & Eric Dijk & Lotte F. Dillen & Marcello Gallucci & Olaf Simonse, 2023. "How Executive Functioning and Financial Self-efficacy Predict Subjective Financial Well-Being via Positive Financial Behaviors," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 44(2), pages 232-248, June.
    8. S. Ananda & Raghavendra Prasanna Kumar & Tamanna Dalwai, 2024. "Impact of financial literacy on savings behavior: the moderation role of risk aversion and financial confidence," Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 29(3), pages 843-854, September.
    9. Yogita Singh & Mohd. Adil & S. M. Imamul Haque, 2023. "Personality traits and behaviour biases: the moderating role of risk-tolerance," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 57(4), pages 3549-3573, August.
    10. Thi Anh Nhu Nguyen, 2022. "Does Financial Knowledge Matter in Using Fintech Services? Evidence from an Emerging Economy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-13, April.
    11. Francisco J. Oliver-Márquez & Almudena Guarnido-Rueda & Ignacio Amate-Fortes, 2021. "Measuring financial knowledge: a macroeconomic perspective," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 18(1), pages 177-222, February.
    12. Trinh Quang Long & Peter J. Morgan & Naoyuki Yoshino, 2023. "Financial literacy, behavioral traits, and ePayment adoption and usage in Japan," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-30, December.
    13. Barış Sancak & Dilek Demirbaş, 2024. "The Effect Of Financial Literacy On Participation In Investment Markets: A Study On University of Health Sciences Students," Journal of Economic Policy Researches, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 11(2), pages 204-225, July.
    14. Tomar, Sweta & Kent Baker, H. & Kumar, Satish & Hoffmann, Arvid O.I., 2021. "Psychological determinants of retirement financial planning behavior," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 432-449.
    15. Cordero, José Manuel & Gil, María & Pedraja Chaparro, Francisco, 2016. "Exploring the effect of financial literacy courses on student achievement: a cross-country approach using PISA 2012 data," MPRA Paper 75474, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Solomon Antwiagyei Kuffour & George Adu, 2019. "Financial Literacy, Trust and Stock Market Participation in Ghana," Economics Literature, WERI-World Economic Research Institute, vol. 1(2), pages 101-116, December.
    17. Aschenwald, Marco & Holzknecht, Armando & Kirchler, Michael & Razen, Michael, 2024. "Covariates of behavioral consistency among adolescents," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    18. Morgan, Peter J. & Long, Trinh Quang, 2020. "Financial literacy, financial inclusion, and savings behavior in Laos," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    19. Yuanyuan Guo & Can Liu & Hao Liu & Ke Chen & Dan He, 2023. "Financial Literacy, Borrowing Behavior and Rural Households’ Income: Evidence from the Collective Forest Area, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-21, January.
    20. Hiroyuki Aman & Taizo Motonishi & Chisako Yamane, 2024. "Do financial ethics matter in risky asset investment of households? Evidence from Japan," International Journal of Economic Policy Studies, Springer, vol. 18(2), pages 387-414, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Personal Finance; Financial Well-being; Investment goals; Risk management;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G40 - Financial Economics - - Behavioral Finance - - - General
    • G41 - Financial Economics - - Behavioral Finance - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making in Financial Markets
    • G51 - Financial Economics - - Household Finance - - - Household Savings, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth
    • G53 - Financial Economics - - Household Finance - - - Financial Literacy

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:beexfi:v:44:y:2024:i:c:s2214635024000893. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-behavioral-and-experimental-finance .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.