Current trends and challenges in solar PV-integrated battery energy storage technology: Key components, methods, and future prospects

Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) play a significant role in increasing the performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems by reducing the adverse effects of intermittency of power generated by solar PV systems. Over the past decade, the integration of BESS technology with solar PV systems has gained significant attention in residential applications, electric vehicle charging stations, and large-scale grid-connected systems. Although numerous studies on solar PV-integrated BESS, a review that holistically covers all key aspects such as DC-DC converter topologies, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods, optimization approaches, and energy management systems (EMSs) is still missing. While existing studies focus on these topics separately, there remains a research gap that combines standalone and grid-scale applications of solar PV-integrated BESS. The novelty of this study is that it presents a systematic and up-to-date review of solar PV-integrated BESS by highlighting DC-DC converter topologies, MPPT methods, optimization methodologies, and EMS strategies. In this context, a total of 166 articles have been carefully chosen from an initial pool of about 35,000 using criteria such as article type, language, database indexing, recency, and, most importantly, relevance to the main topic, with sources limited to reputable publishers. This paper not only presents an overview of the DC-DC converter topologies, MPPT methods, optimization methods and EMS of solar PV-integrated BESS but also provides a detailed review, basically with regard to the latest publications of it. Moreover, as a future outlook, potential research directions and recommendations are outlined to overcome the current research gaps and topics of solar PV-integrated BESS. By presenting a comprehensive overview and a critical analysis of recent developments, this review aims to serve as an essential reference for researchers and industry professionals working on solar PV-integrated BESS technologies.