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Recent advancements in designing high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells: A comprehensive review

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  • Ahmed, Saad
  • Beauger, Christian
  • Zada, Amir
  • Iqbal, Waseem
  • Ahmed, Naveed
  • Anwar, Muhammad Tuoqeer
  • Hassan, Muhammad

Abstract

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising energy storage modules notable for their compatibility with dynamic current loads and efficient production of high-purity H2. However, significant challenges hinder their widespread adoption, particularly concerning power density and efficiency. This comprehensive review addresses various strategies to enhance the power density of PEMFCs. It suggests contemporary, high-performance PEMFCs development strategies, emphasizing the advancements in catalysis, proton exchange membranes, gas diffusion layers, bipolar plates, and Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs). In addition, we have discussed the latest progress in engineering PEMFC systems, emphasizing improvements in efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and durability under acidic conditions. By introducing recent research findings and identifying the major hurdles, we offer valuable insights to researchers and industry professionals to recognize the role of PEMFCs in various fields. Our review examines important factors and suggests possible ways to close the division between theoretical progress and real-world implementation, ultimately helping to achieve a sustainable energy future.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed, Saad & Beauger, Christian & Zada, Amir & Iqbal, Waseem & Ahmed, Naveed & Anwar, Muhammad Tuoqeer & Hassan, Muhammad, 2025. "Recent advancements in designing high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells: A comprehensive review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 390(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:390:y:2025:i:c:s0306261925004830
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125753
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