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Parametric analysis of a residential building with phase change material (PCM)-enhanced drywall, precooling, and variable electric rates in a hot and dry climate

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  • Wijesuriya, Sajith
  • Brandt, Matthew
  • Tabares-Velasco, Paulo Cesar

Abstract

Peak electric energy demand inflicts a great stress on the electric grid during the summer in the United States. With most years surpassing its previous year for the warmest year ever recorded, cooling requirements will continue to increase in the coming decades. Energy storage can potentially reduce electric demand. Among different technologies, phase change materials (PCMs) embedded in the building envelope have the potential to shift cooling energy demand away from peak hours. This study performs parametric analysis of PCMs in a relatively new home located in Phoenix, Arizona, USA. The analysis includes PCM location, PCM properties, precooling strategy, and an analysis of natural and forced convection models on the thermal behavior of the house. An extension of a standard forced convection model in EnergyPlus is used to represent the effects of a ceiling fan, which increases heat transfer at wall and ceiling surfaces and shortens the time needed to freeze or melt the phase change materials. Furthermore, the study discusses the use of appropriate setback temperatures to best utilize the PCMs. Overall, the optimal combination of PCMs, convection mode, and precooling schedule can completely shift cooling energy use during a three-hour demand period, producing maximum cost savings up to 29.4%, while increasing the occupant comfort.

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  • Wijesuriya, Sajith & Brandt, Matthew & Tabares-Velasco, Paulo Cesar, 2018. "Parametric analysis of a residential building with phase change material (PCM)-enhanced drywall, precooling, and variable electric rates in a hot and dry climate," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 497-514.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:222:y:2018:i:c:p:497-514
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.119
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    Cited by:

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    10. Liu, Xianjie & Feng, Qian & Peng, Zhigang & Zheng, Yong & Liu, Huan, 2020. "Preparation and evaluation of micro-encapsulated thermal control materials for oil well cement slurry," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    11. Naderi, Shayan & Heslop, Simon & Chen, Dong & Watts, Scott & MacGill, Iain & Pignatta, Gloria & Sproul, Alistair, 2023. "Clustering based analysis of residential duck curve mitigation through solar pre-cooling: A case study of Australian housing stock," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    12. de Gracia, Alvaro, 2019. "Dynamic building envelope with PCM for cooling purposes – Proof of concept," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 1245-1253.
    13. Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Feijoo & Pedro Orgeira-Crespo & Elena Arce & Andrés Suárez-García & José Roberto Ribas, 2020. "Effect of Insulation on the Energy Demand of a Standardized Container Facility at Airports in Spain under Different Weather Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-15, October.
    14. Lamrani, B. & Johannes, K. & Kuznik, F., 2021. "Phase change materials integrated into building walls: An updated review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    15. Zheng, Senlin & Qiu, Zining & He, Caiwei & Wang, Xianling & Wang, Xupeng & Wang, Zhangyuan & Zhao, Xudong & Shittu, Samson, 2022. "Research on heat transfer mechanism and performance of a novel adaptive enclosure structure based on micro-channel heat pipe," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).
    16. Faraj, Khaireldin & Khaled, Mahmoud & Faraj, Jalal & Hachem, Farouk & Castelain, Cathy, 2020. "Phase change material thermal energy storage systems for cooling applications in buildings: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    17. Xu, Lijie & Ji, Jie & Cai, Jingyong & Ke, Wei & Tian, Xinyi & Yu, Bendong & Wang, Jun, 2021. "A hybrid PV thermal (water or air) wall system integrated with double air channel and phase change material: A continuous full-day seasonal experimental research," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 596-613.
    18. Luu, Minh Tri & Milani, Dia & Nomvar, Mobin & Abbas, Ali, 2020. "A design protocol for enhanced discharge exergy in phase change material heat battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    19. Pirasaci, Tolga, 2020. "Investigation of phase state and heat storage form of the phase change material (PCM) layer integrated into the exterior walls of the residential-apartment during heating season," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).

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