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The techno-economic analysis of a hybrid zero-emission building system integrated with a commercial-scale zero-emission hydrogen vehicle

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  • Cao, Sunliang
  • Alanne, Kari

Abstract

This study conducts a techno-economic analysis to seek the feasibility to integrate a zero-emission building (ZEB) with a commercial-scale hydrogen vehicle (HV). The parametric analysis is conducted in 16 simulation groups with respect to the equipment options of the solar thermal collectors, the ground source heat pump (GSHP) and the HV refueling methods, while each group contains a series of cases with a range of on-site renewable electricity (REe) generation capacities between 0 and 16 kW. The assessment criteria include the annual operational equivalent CO2 emission and the relative net present value (NPVrel). By the parametric analysis, the sets of the non-dominated cases within the cloud of the analysed solutions have been comprehensively investigated regarding the aims to reduce the emission and the cost. With respect to the criteria of the equivalent emission and NPVrel under the normal market scenario of the electrolyzer (5000 EUR/kW), none of the cases with the on-site H2 system can be identified as superior to those without the on-site H2 system. The non-dominated cases will mainly happen to those with a 0–9.61 NOCT kW photovoltaic (PV) panel and a 5 kW GSHP but without any solar thermal collector, which have a range of NPVrel between −4115 and 12,556 EUR along with a range of emission between 19.72 and 6.65 kg CO2,eq/m2 a. However, by reducing the electrolyzer cost to the lowest market scenario of 2000 EUR/kW, parts of the cases with the on-site H2 system start to challenge those without the on-site H2 system. Moreover, the change of the emission factor of the H2 fuel from 0.267 to 0.141 kg CO2,eq/kWhLHV will not alter the set of the overall non-dominated cases, but will uniformly reduce the annual emission of these cases by a magnitude of 3.83 kg CO2,eq/m2 a.

Suggested Citation

  • Cao, Sunliang & Alanne, Kari, 2018. "The techno-economic analysis of a hybrid zero-emission building system integrated with a commercial-scale zero-emission hydrogen vehicle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 639-661.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:211:y:2018:i:c:p:639-661
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.11.079
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    3. Burek, Jasmina & Nutter, Darin W., 2019. "A life cycle assessment-based multi-objective optimization of the purchased, solar, and wind energy for the grocery, perishables, and general merchandise multi-facility distribution center network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 1427-1446.
    4. Wei, Wu & Skye, Harrison M., 2021. "Residential net-zero energy buildings: Review and perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    5. Alfredo Višković & Vladimir Franki & Angela Bašić-Šiško, 2022. "City-Level Transition to Low-Carbon Economy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-24, February.
    6. Wang, Huaqing & Xie, Zhuoshi & Pu, Lei & Ren, Zhongrui & Zhang, Yaoyu & Tan, Zhongfu, 2022. "Energy management strategy of hybrid energy storage based on Pareto optimality," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    7. Liu, Jia & Cao, Sunliang & Chen, Xi & Yang, Hongxing & Peng, Jinqing, 2021. "Energy planning of renewable applications in high-rise residential buildings integrating battery and hydrogen vehicle storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    8. Liu, Jia & Yang, Hongxing & Zhou, Yuekuan, 2021. "Peer-to-peer energy trading of net-zero energy communities with renewable energy systems integrating hydrogen vehicle storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    9. Liu, Jia & Chen, Xi & Yang, Hongxing & Shan, Kui, 2021. "Hybrid renewable energy applications in zero-energy buildings and communities integrating battery and hydrogen vehicle storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    10. Zhou, Yuekuan & Cao, Sunliang & Hensen, Jan L.M. & Lund, Peter D., 2019. "Energy integration and interaction between buildings and vehicles: A state-of-the-art review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    11. Cao, Sunliang, 2019. "The impact of electric vehicles and mobile boundary expansions on the realization of zero-emission office buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.

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