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Mineral carbonation from metal wastes: Effect of solid to liquid ratio on the efficiency and characterization of carbonated products

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  • Dri, Marco
  • Sanna, Aimaro
  • Maroto-Valer, M. Mercedes

Abstract

Mineral carbonation technologies aim at permanently storing CO2 into materials rich in metal oxides. A multi-step mineralization process employing Ca-rich waste streams to precipitate calcium carbonate is investigated in this paper. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), phosphorus slag (PS) and steel slag (SS) were employed as feeding materials for the process. Solid to liquid ratio (S/L) is an important factor which affects mineral carbonation and this study examines its effect on the carbonation efficiencies. The main phases present in the carbonated residues were identified using XRF, XRD and SEM–EDS analytical techniques. For the three materials investigated, the carbonation efficiency increased when the S/L ratio decreased (from 50g/L to 25g/L and then 15g/L) because of the dilution effect. In a previous study, where an analog process was employed, efficiency using serpentine was found lower than that calculated here for GGBS and SS, and slightly above PS. This confirms that, in general, waste materials require less energy-intensive carbonation conditions, in comparison to mineral rocks. Finally, the structure of the carbonated particles is also discussed.

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  • Dri, Marco & Sanna, Aimaro & Maroto-Valer, M. Mercedes, 2014. "Mineral carbonation from metal wastes: Effect of solid to liquid ratio on the efficiency and characterization of carbonated products," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 515-523.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:113:y:2014:i:c:p:515-523
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.07.064
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sanna, Aimaro & Dri, Marco & Hall, Matthew R. & Maroto-Valer, Mercedes, 2012. "Waste materials for carbon capture and storage by mineralisation (CCSM) – A UK perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 545-554.
    2. Wang, Xiaolong & Maroto-Valer, M. Mercedes, 2013. "Optimization of carbon dioxide capture and storage with mineralisation using recyclable ammonium salts," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 431-438.
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    2. Xie, Heping & Liu, Tao & Wang, Yufei & Wu, Yifan & Wang, Fuhuan & Tang, Liang & Jiang, Wen & Liang, Bin, 2017. "Enhancement of electricity generation in CO2 mineralization cell by using sodium sulfate as the reaction medium," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 991-999.
    3. Chen, Qiuju & Ding, Wenjin & Sun, Hongjuan & Peng, Tongjiang, 2019. "Mineral carbonation of yellow phosphorus slag and characterization of carbonated product," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    4. Li, Hongwei & Zhang, Rongjun & Wang, Tianye & Wu, Yu & Xu, Run & Wang, Qiang & Tang, Zhigang, 2022. "Performance evaluation and environment risk assessment of steel slag enhancement for seawater to capture CO2," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
    5. Yafei Zhao & Ken-ichi Itakura, 2023. "A State-of-the-Art Review on Technology for Carbon Utilization and Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-22, May.
    6. Hosseini, Tahereh & Haque, Nawshad & Selomulya, Cordelia & Zhang, Lian, 2016. "Mineral carbonation of Victorian brown coal fly ash using regenerative ammonium chloride – Process simulation and techno-economic analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 54-68.

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