IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eco/journ1/2016-02-25.html

The Interactional Impact of Defense Expenditure and Arms Importation on Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Autoregressive Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammed Umar Aminu

    (Nigerian Army School of Education, Ilorin, Nigeria)

  • Muhammed Umar Aminu

    (School of Economics, Finance and Banking, University Utara Malaysia, Kedah, Malaysia)

  • Abu Sufian Abu Bakar

    (School of Economics, Finance and Banking, University Utara Malaysia, Kedah, Malaysia)

Abstract

Little is done on the empirical analyses of the impact of defense expenditure on arms and economic growth. The few conducted concentrated on developed countries, which are exporters of arms. This study examines the short-run and long-run impact of arms importation on the economic growth in Nigeria, using autoregressive distributed lag model. Literature on defense expenditure and economic growth are often conflicting and inconclusive. These outcomes are due to the non-linear growth effects of defense and incorrect model specifications. The crucial growth effects of defense expenditure can be traced by properly controlling the interaction term. This paper examines the defense-arms interaction on Nigeria in the context of Aizeiman and Glick (2006) models. The result reveals that defense-arms interaction in Nigeria exerts negatively on the economic growth. It therefore recommends that defense R and D as well Defense Industrial Cooperation of Nigeria should be properly financed and managed for efficiency and self-reliability

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammed Umar Aminu & Muhammed Umar Aminu & Abu Sufian Abu Bakar, 2016. "The Interactional Impact of Defense Expenditure and Arms Importation on Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Autoregressive Approach," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, vol. 6(2), pages 538-543.
    • Handle: RePEc:eco:journ1:2016-02-25
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/download/1848/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: http://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/1848/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robert Engle & Clive Granger, 2015. "Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing," Applied Econometrics, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 39(3), pages 106-135.
    2. Biswas, Basudeb & Ram, Rati, 1986. "Military Expenditures and Economic Growth in Less Developed Countries: An Augmented Model and Further Evidence," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 34(2), pages 361-372, January.
    3. Joshua Aizenman & Reuven Glick, 2006. "Military expenditure, threats, and growth," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(2), pages 129-155.
    4. Mohsen Bahmani-Oskooee & Raymond Chi Wing Ng, 2002. "Long-Run Demand for Money in Hong Kong: An Application of the ARDL Model," International Journal of Business and Economics, School of Management Development, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, vol. 1(2), pages 147-155, August.
    5. Olumuyiwa Tolulope APANISILE & Olalekan Charles OKUNLOLA, 2014. "An Empirical Analysis Of Effects Of Military Spending On Economic Growth In Nigeria: A Bound Testing Approach To Co-Integration 1989-2013," Journal of Public Administration, Finance and Law, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, vol. 6(6), pages 117-130, December.
    6. Ari Francisco de Araujo Junior & Cláudio D. Shikida, 2008. "Military Expenditures, External Threats and Economic Growth," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 15(16), pages 1-7.
    7. Feder, Gershon, 1983. "On exports and economic growth," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(1-2), pages 59-73.
    8. Saadet Deger & Ron Smith, 1983. "Military Expenditure and Growth in Less Developed Countries," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 27(2), pages 335-353, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ben Youssef, Slim, 2025. "The relationships between political stability, military expenditures, arms imports, and oil exports: a CS-DL approach for six Gulf countries," MPRA Paper 125364, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Dada James Temitope & Sharimakin Akinwumi & Al-Faryan Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh & Tabash Mosab I. & Adeiza Adams, 2024. "Asymmetric and Threshold Effect of Military Expenditure on Economic Growth: Insight from an Emerging Market," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 30(4), pages 477-503.
    3. Ben Youssef, Slim, 2025. "The relationships between political stability, arms imports, oil exports, and GHG emissions: a CS-DL approach for eight Gulf countries," MPRA Paper 124791, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Dada James Temitope & Awoleye Emmanuel Olayemi & Arnaut Marina & Al-Faryan Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh, 2023. "Revisiting the Military Expenditure-Growth Nexus: Does Institutional Quality Moderate the Effect?," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 29(1), pages 19-42, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kyriakos Emmanouilidis & Christos Karpetis, 2020. "The Defense–Growth Nexus: A Review of Time Series Methods and Empirical Results," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(1), pages 86-104, January.
    2. Ourania Dimitraki & Kyriakos Emmanouilidis, 2025. "Interactional Impact of Defence Expenditure and Political Instability on Economic Growth in Nigeria: Revisited," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(4), pages 533-554, May.
    3. Alptekin, Aynur & Levine, Paul, 2012. "Military expenditure and economic growth: A meta-analysis," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 28(4), pages 636-650.
    4. Innocent.U. Duru & Millicent Adanne Eze & Bartholomew.O.N. Okafor & Abubakar Yusuf & Lawrence.O. Ede & Abubakar Sadiq Saleh, 2021. "Military Outlay and Economic Growth: The Scenarios of Lake Chad Basin Countries of the Republic of Chad and Nigeria," Growth, Asian Online Journal Publishing Group, vol. 8(1), pages 12-26.
    5. Albert Wijeweera & Matthew J. Webb, 2012. "Using the Feder-Ram and Military Keynesian Models to Examine the Link Between Defence Spending and Economic Growth in Sri Lanka," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(3), pages 303-311, May.
    6. Kimbambu Tsasa Vangu, Jean - Paul, 2012. "Analyse de la Relation Guerres Civiles et Croissance Économique [Civil Wars and Economic Growth in DRC]," MPRA Paper 42424, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 05 Feb 2012.
    7. Manamperi, Nimantha, 2016. "Does military expenditure hinder economic growth? Evidence from Greece and Turkey," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 38(6), pages 1171-1193.
    8. Albert J.F. Yang & William N. Trumbull & Chin Wei Yang & Bwo‐Nung Huang, 2011. "On The Relationship Between Military Expenditure, Threat, And Economic Growth: A Nonlinear Approach," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(4), pages 449-457, April.
    9. Na Hou & Bo Chen, 2013. "Military Expenditure And Economic Growth In Developing Countries: Evidence From System Gmm Estimates," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(3), pages 183-193, June.
    10. Ünal Töngür & Adem Yavuz Elveren, 2016. "The impact of military spending and income inequality on economic growth in Turkey," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(3), pages 433-452, June.
    11. Sefa Awaworyi Churchill & Siew Ling Yew, 2018. "The effect of military expenditure on growth: an empirical synthesis," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 1357-1387, November.
    12. Hou Na & Chen Bo, 2014. "Military Expenditure and Investment in OECD Countries: Revisited," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 20(4), pages 621-630, December.
    13. Saba Ismail, 2017. "Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in South Asian Countries: Empirical Evidences," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, vol. 7(3), pages 318-325.
    14. Chien-Chiang Lee & Chun-Ping Chang, 2006. "The Long-Run Relationship Between Defence Expenditures And Gdp In Taiwan," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(4), pages 361-385.
    15. Nihal Bayraktar, 2017. "Public Security Spending and Growth," EcoMod2017 10212, EcoMod.
    16. Halicioglu Ferda, 2004. "Defense Spending and Economic Growth in Turkey: An Empirical Application of New Macroeconomic Theory," Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 2(3), pages 34-43, December.
    17. Mie Augier & Robert McNab & Jerry Guo & Phillip Karber, 2017. "Defense spending and economic growth: evidence from China, 1952–2012," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(1), pages 65-90, January.
    18. Hou Na & Chen Bo, 2014. "Military Spending and Economic Growth in An Augmented Solow Model: A Panel Data Investigation for OECD Countries," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 20(3), pages 395-409, August.
    19. Erdal Karagol, 2002. "The Causality Analysis of External Debt Service and GNP : The Case of Turkey," Central Bank Review, Research and Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, vol. 2(1), pages 39-64.
    20. Hannah Galvin, 2003. "The impact of defence spending on the economic growth of developing countries: A cross-section study," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(1), pages 51-59.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • H5 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies
    • H56 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - National Security and War
    • H57 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Procurement
    • O36 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Open Innovation

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eco:journ1:2016-02-25. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Monica Sinhat (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.