Energy transition and regional competitiveness: evaluation of public policies for strengthening sustainable production systems

The present article aimed to analyze the relationship between the energy transition, regional competitiveness, and the implementation of public policies oriented toward strengthening sustainable production systems. The introduction contextualized the energy transition as a key structural process for transforming regional development models within the framework of environmental and economic sustainability. The methodology employed corresponded to a qualitative literature review, based on the critical analysis of scientific literature published between 2019 and 2024 in indexed databases, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria for the selection of relevant review studies. The results showed that the energy transition directly impacts regional competitiveness through technological innovation, productive diversification, and the reconfiguration of territorial governance systems, although inequalities were also identified among regions with different institutional and economic capacities. Likewise, it was determined that public policies such as subsidies, fiscal incentives, and environmental regulations are decisive in accelerating the adoption of clean energy, but their effectiveness depends on the territorial context. The conclusions established that the energy transition must be addressed as a systemic and integrated process that articulates sustainability, territorial equity, and economic development, making the implementation of multilevel governance models essential to strengthen the resilience of regional productive systems.