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Ein Marshallplan mit Afrika: Geeignetes Konzept für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung?

Author

Listed:
  • Gerd Müller
  • Andreas Freytag
  • Susanne Fricke
  • Franz Josef Radermacher
  • Axel Dreher
  • Sarah Langlotz
  • Werner Abelshauser
  • Matthias Wachter
  • Jennifer Howe

Abstract

Im Januar 2017 stellte Bundesminister Dr. Gerd Müller die Eckpunkte für den Marshallplan mit Afrika vor. Statt weiter Geld nach dem Gießkannenprinzip zu verteilen, soll zukünftig der Aufbau stabiler Wirtschaftsstrukturen gezielt gefördert und die Eigenverantwortung der Regierungen gestärkt werden. In seinem Beitrag stellt Bundesminister Gerd Müller den Marshallplan mit Afrika vor und unterstreicht, dass »eine Partnerschaft auf Augenhöhe« sowie eine verstärkte Mobilisierung privaten Kapitals und privater Investitionen erforderlich sei. Für Andreas Freytag und Susanne Fricke, Universität Jena, unterscheidet sich der aktuelle Marshallplan »wohltuend von althergebrachten Entwicklungsstrategien «. So betone er u.a. die Bedeutung der Wirtschaft für den Entwicklungsprozess Afrikas und mahne Investitionen, Bildung für die Jugend, die Einbindung in die Wertschöpfungsketten sowie die Schaffung eines Mittelstandes an. Ihm fehle aber eine definierte Schwerpunktsetzung. Franz Josef Radermacher, Universität Ulm und Club of Rome, beschreibt als Zielsetzung des Marshallplans eine »Wohlstandsexplosion in Afrika, insbesondere in Nordafrika«, die mit allen Nachhaltigkeitsanforderungen kompatibel gestaltet werden soll. Nach Meinung von Axel Dreher und Sarah Langlotz, Universität Heidelberg, sieht der Marshallplan mit Afrika eine Konzentration der Hilfe auf wenige reformwillige Länder vor, wodurch ärmere Länder an Unterstützung verlieren. Zudem betone der Plan Bedingungen, die an die deutschen Zahlungen geknüpft werden sollen. Detaillierte Bedingungen, von deren Einhaltung konkrete Hilfszahlungen abhängig gemacht werden, seien aber wenig sinnvoll. Deutschland solle sich stattdessen in Richtung einer bedingungslosen Budgethilfe bewegen. Werner Abelshauser, Universität Bielefeld, sieht den Marshallplan als Modell absolut ungeeignet, um Entwicklungsländer voranzubringen. Denn anders als in den meisten Empfängerländern Westeuropas nach dem Krieg fehle es dort gerade an Potenzial und wirtschaftskulturellen Voraussetzungen, deren Nutzbarmachung eine Frage der Finanzierung wäre. Nach Ansicht von Matthias Wachter und Jennifer Howe, BDI, greift der Marshallplan viele gute Ansätze auf. Dennoch bleibe es fraglich, ob er tatsächlich die wirtschaftliche Situation in Afrika verbessern könne. Für eine kohärente Strategie wäre die aktive Einbindung aller Bundesressorts nötig gewesen.

Suggested Citation

  • Gerd Müller & Andreas Freytag & Susanne Fricke & Franz Josef Radermacher & Axel Dreher & Sarah Langlotz & Werner Abelshauser & Matthias Wachter & Jennifer Howe, 2017. "Ein Marshallplan mit Afrika: Geeignetes Konzept für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 70(04), pages 03-20, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:70:y:2017:i:04:p:03-20
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Entwicklungshilfe; Entwicklungsfinanzierung; Entwicklungspolitik; Nachhaltige Entwicklung; Afrika;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F35 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Aid
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade

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