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Klimaabgabe für Kohlekraftwerke: Ein richtiger Schritt zur Erreichung des Klimaziels?

Author

Listed:
  • Erik Gawel
  • Sebastian Strunz
  • Sonja Peterson
  • Hartmut Möllring
  • Carl-Friedrich Elmer
  • Martin Faulstich
  • Christian Hey
  • Felix Höffler

Abstract

Lange Zeit favorisierte das Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie eine zusätzliche Klimaabgabe für alte Kohlekraftwerke zur Erreichung der deutschen Klimaziele. Mit dem Kompromiss vom 1. Juli scheint dieser Vorschlag jetzt vom Tisch zu sein. Sind die Alternativvorschläge zur Erreichung der mittel- bis langfristigen klimapolitischen Ziele effektiver? Für Erik Gawel und Sebastian Strunz, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung – UFZ, Leipzig, ist die vom Koalitionsausschuss favorisierte Variante »die schlechteste« – ohne Stilllegung von CO2-Zertifikaten würden Altkraftwerke in einer überdies kurz- und mittelfristig gar nicht benötigten Kapazitätsreserve gehalten, die strukturellen Anreize für den Stromsektor dürften stark begrenzt sein. Der ursprüngliche Vorschlag des Bundeswirtschaftsministeriums hätte dagegen emissionsintensive Kraftwerke belastet, samt Stilllegung von Zertifikaten. So wäre der jüngsten Renaissance der Braunkohleverstromung strukturell entgegengesteuert worden. Auch nach Ansicht von Sonja Peterson, Institut für Weltwirtschaft an der Universität Kiel, gehen die Vorschläge, die jetzt alternativ zur Klimaabgabe diskutiert werden, in die falsche Richtung: »Sie kosten die deutschen Steuerzahler viel Geld, vergrößern die Ineffizienzen in Deutschland und der EU und sparen am Ende EU-weit keinerlei Emissionen ein.« Die diskutierte Klimaabgabe gehe immerhin in die richtige Richtung. Für Hartmut Möllring, Minister für Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft in Sachsen- Anhalt, ist dagegen die Ablehnung des Klimabeitrags »eine gute Nachricht«. Der angedachte Klimabeitrag sei ordnungspolitisch und verfassungsrechtlich bedenklich, ohne dass damit tatsächlich ein Beitrag zum Klimaschutz geleistet worden wäre. Carl-Friedrich Elmer, Martin Faulstich und Christian Hey, Sachverständigenrat für Umweltfragen (SRU), sehen in den an Stelle des Klimabeitrags beschlossenen Alternativen weniger effiziente und effektive Einzelmaßnahmen. Dessen ungeachtet könnte aber der Klimabeitrag noch eine Rolle bei der instrumentellen Flankierung eines Kohlekonsenses spielen. Nach Meinung von Felix Höffler, Universität zu Köln, ist der Ausstieg aus der Braunkohleförderung der wohl effektivste unilaterale Beitrag, den Deutschland leisten kann. Die entstehenden Härten in den Braunkohlerevieren abzufedern, wäre Sache einer langfristigen regionalen Strukturpolitik, die man z.B. durch eine Reduzierung der klimapolitisch weniger zielgenauen Erneuerbaren-Energien-Förderung finanzieren könnte.

Suggested Citation

  • Erik Gawel & Sebastian Strunz & Sonja Peterson & Hartmut Möllring & Carl-Friedrich Elmer & Martin Faulstich & Christian Hey & Felix Höffler, 2015. "Klimaabgabe für Kohlekraftwerke: Ein richtiger Schritt zur Erreichung des Klimaziels?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 68(14), pages 08-25, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:68:y:2015:i:14:p:08-25
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Michael Jakob & Jan Christoph Steckel & Ottmar Edenhofer, 2014. "Consumption- Versus Production-Based Emission Policies," Annual Review of Resource Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 6(1), pages 297-318, October.
    2. Matthias Kalkuhl & Ottmar Edenhofer & Kai Lessmann, 2015. "The Role of Carbon Capture and Sequestration Policies for Climate Change Mitigation," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 60(1), pages 55-80, January.
    3. Hans-Werner Sinn, 2008. "Public policies against global warming: a supply side approach," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 15(4), pages 360-394, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Erik Gawel & Sebastian Strunz & Paul Lehmann, 2016. "Support policies for renewables Instrument choice and instrument change from a Public Choice perspective," WIDER Working Paper Series 006, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Klimaschutz; Klimapolitik; Kohlekraftwerk; Umweltbelastung; Emissionshandel;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q32 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation - - - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
    • Q38 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation - - - Government Policy (includes OPEC Policy)

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