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Steueroasen und »legale Steuervermeidung«: Wie kann größere Steuergerechtigkeit erreicht werden?

Author

Listed:
  • Johanna Hey
  • Schreiber,Ulrich
  • Fabian Pönnighaus
  • Felix Bierbrauer

Abstract

Die Steuerplanung internationaler Unternehmen, die durch geschickte Kombina tion von Regelungen ihre Steuerbelastungen gegen null senken, und die Steuerpolitik einiger Länder stehen in der öffentlichen Kritik. Johanna Hey, Universität zu Köln, verweist darauf, dass es bei der Bekämpfung sog. aggressiver Steuergestaltungen sowohl um die Verwirklichung von Steuergerechtigkeit, also um eine gerechte Beteiligung aller an der Finanzierung des Staates, als auch um die Verhinderung der Erosion der Steuerbasis, also um die Sicherung des jeweiligen nationalen Steueraufkommens, geht. Die Fragen internationaler Verteilungsgerechtigkeit und ihre Umsetzung in konkrete Regelungen seien schwierig zu beantworten, denn es gehe nicht nur um die Vermeidung von Niedrig- und Nichtbesteuerung, sondern auch um die richtige Verteilung des Aufkommens zwischen den Staaten. Auch sei das rechtliche Instrumentarium zur Bekämpfung von Steueroasen sehr begrenzt. Um das Problem lösen zu können, bedürfe es eines internationalen Konsenses, der gerade auch diejenigen Staaten einbinden müsse, die derzeit Steuerminimierung ermöglichen. Nach Ulrich Schreiber und Fabian Pönnighaus, Universität Mannheim, lauten die gängigen Antworten auf die Frage nach internationaler Steuergerechtigkeit, dass die Höhe der Steuer nicht davon abhängen sollte, wo das besteuerte Einkommen erwirtschaftet wurde, und dass die Steuerbasis auf diejenigen Staaten verteilt werden sollte, in denen der Steuerpflichtige wirtschaftlich tätig ist. Einen ersten Ansatzpunkt für eine international koordinierte Änderung bestehender Regeln sehen sie in der Stärkung der Besteuerungsrechte derjenigen Staaten, in denen multinationale Konzerne wirtschaftlich tätig sind, einen zweiten Ansatzpunkt in einer Stärkung des Besteuerungsrechts des Sitzstaates der Muttergesellschaft eines Konzerns für die weltweit erzielten Gewinne. Felix Bierbrauer, Universität zu Köln, diskutiert den Gesichtspunkt, inwieweit Anreize zur Steuervermeidung und -hinterziehung – falls ihre Bekämpfung mit so hohen Kosten verbunden ist, dass der Aufwand sich nicht lohnt – Teil einer optimalen Steuerpolitik sein können, d.h. einer Politik, die einen Ausgleich zwischen Effizienz- und Gerechtigkeitszielen sucht.

Suggested Citation

  • Johanna Hey & Schreiber,Ulrich & Fabian Pönnighaus & Felix Bierbrauer, 2013. "Steueroasen und »legale Steuervermeidung«: Wie kann größere Steuergerechtigkeit erreicht werden?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 66(11), pages 03-13, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:66:y:2013:i:11:p:03-13
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Steueroase; Steuervermeidung; Multinationales Unternehmen; Steuergerechtigkeit; Steuerplanung; Gewinnverlagerung; Steuerpolitik;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H26 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Tax Evasion and Avoidance

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