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The effect of CEO pay deviations on CEO withdrawal, firm size, and firm profits

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  • Eric A. Fong
  • Vilmos F. Misangyi
  • Henry L. Tosi

Abstract

We build upon previous work on the effects of deviations in CEO pay from labor markets to assess how overcompensation or undercompensation affects subsequent voluntary CEO withdrawal, firm size, and firm profitability, taking into account the moderating effect of firm ownership structure. We find that CEO underpayment is related to changes in firm size and CEO withdrawal, and that the relationship between CEO underpayment and CEO withdrawal is stronger in owner‐controlled firms. We also show that when CEOs are overpaid, there is higher firm profitability; a relationship that is weaker among manager‐controlled firms. We then discuss the implications that these findings have for future research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • Eric A. Fong & Vilmos F. Misangyi & Henry L. Tosi, 2010. "The effect of CEO pay deviations on CEO withdrawal, firm size, and firm profits," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(6), pages 629-651, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:stratm:v:31:y:2010:i:6:p:629-651
    DOI: 10.1002/smj.827
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    Cited by:

    1. Saif Ur Rehman & Yacoub Haider Hamdan, 2023. "CEO Greed, Corporate Governance, and CSR Performance: Asian Evidence," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-29, May.
    2. ZAKARIA AIT TALEB & Carmen Nastase, 2017. "The Sources Of The Cognitive Dissonance In The Religious Tourism," Revista de turism - studii si cercetari in turism / Journal of tourism - studies and research in tourism, "Stefan cel Mare" University of Suceava, Romania, Faculty of Economics and Public Administration - Economy, Business Administration and Tourism Department., vol. 24(24), pages 1-3, December.
    3. Lee, Gilsoo & Cho, Sam Yul & Arthurs, Jonathan & Lee, Eun Kyung, 2019. "CEO pay inequity, CEO-TMT pay gap, and acquisition premiums," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 105-116.
    4. Giovanni Garegnani & Emilia Merlotti & Angeloantonio Russo, 2015. "Scoring Firms’ Codes of Ethics: An Explorative Study of Quality Drivers," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 126(4), pages 541-557, February.
    5. Wei Shi & Brian L. Connelly, 2018. "Is regulatory adoption ceremonial? Evidence from lead director appointments," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(8), pages 2386-2413, August.
    6. Ammad Ahmed & Muhammad Atif & Ernest Gyapong, 2021. "Boardroom gender diversity and CEO pay deviation: Australian evidence," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(2), pages 3135-3170, June.
    7. Lim, Elizabeth, 2018. "Social pay reference point, external environment, and risk taking: An integrated behavioral and social psychological view," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 68-78.
    8. Joura, Essam & Xiao, Qin & Ullah, Subhan, 2021. "The impact of Say-on-Pay votes on firms' strategic policies: Insights from the Anglo-Saxon economy," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    9. Stefan Winter & Philip Michels, 2019. "The managerial power approach: Is it testable?," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 23(3), pages 637-668, September.
    10. Martijn Hendriks & Martijn Burger & Harry Commandeur, 2023. "The influence of CEO compensation on employee engagement," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 17(2), pages 607-633, February.
    11. Timothy J. Quigley & Adam J. Wowak & Craig Crossland, 2020. "Board Predictive Accuracy in Executive Selection Decisions: How Do Initial Board Perceptions of CEO Quality Correspond with Subsequent CEO Career Performance?," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 31(3), pages 720-741, May.
    12. Khalil Jebran & Shihua Chen & Wanying Cai, 2022. "Excess of everything is bad: CEO greed and corporate policies," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 59(4), pages 1577-1607, November.
    13. Fong, Eric A. & Xing, Xuejing & Orman, Wafa Hakim & Mackenzie, William I., 2015. "Consequences of deviating from predicted CEO labor market compensation on long-term firm value," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(2), pages 299-305.
    14. David H. Zhu, 2014. "Group Polarization in Board Decisions About CEO Compensation," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 25(2), pages 552-571, April.
    15. Wen-Ting Lin & Kuei-Yang Cheng, 2013. "The effect of upper echelons’ compensation on firm internationalization," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 30(1), pages 73-90, March.
    16. Michael Koch & Bernard Forgues & Vanessa Monties, 2017. "The Way to the Top: Career Patterns of Fortune 100 CEOS," Post-Print hal-02051118, HAL.
    17. Ann-Christine Schulz & Miriam Flickinger, 2020. "Does CEO (over)compensation influence corporate reputation?," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 14(4), pages 903-927, August.
    18. Tore Ellingsen & Eirik Gaard Kristiansen, 2022. "Fair and Square: A Retention Model of Managerial Compensation," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(5), pages 3604-3624, May.
    19. Chenli Yin & Dan Li & Maria Paz Salmador, 2022. "Institutional change of compensation policy and its impact on CEO turnover and firm performance," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 16(8), pages 2527-2552, November.
    20. Chan, Alex W.H. & Cheung, Hoi Yan, 2016. "Extraversion, individualism and M&A activities," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 356-369.

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