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Why Have U.S. Households Increasingly Relied On Mutual Funds To Own Equity?

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  • John V. Duca

Abstract

U.S. households have increasingly used mutual funds to own equity outside of retirement accounts owing to two developments. The first is a decline in equity mutual fund loads, which are negatively correlated with stock ownership rates, which have doubled owing to greater ownership through mutual funds. The second is improved confidence in future family finances. Both effects are consistent with recent models of equity participation, in which lower asset transfer costs and lower income risk induce equity investing by middle‐income households, who—in practice and owing to diversification considerations—are more likely to indirectly hold stocks through mutual funds.

Suggested Citation

  • John V. Duca, 2005. "Why Have U.S. Households Increasingly Relied On Mutual Funds To Own Equity?," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 51(3), pages 375-396, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:revinw:v:51:y:2005:i:3:p:375-396
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4991.2005.00159.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Duca, John V., 2013. "Did the commercial paper funding facility prevent a Great Depression style money market meltdown?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 9(4), pages 747-758.
    2. Anderson, Richard G. & Bordo, Michael & Duca, John V., 2017. "Money and velocity during financial crises: From the great depression to the great recession," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 32-49.
    3. Duca, John V., 2006. "Mutual funds and the evolving long-run effects of stock wealth on U.S. consumption," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 58(3), pages 202-221.
    4. John V. Duca & Mark Walker, 2022. "Why Has U.S. Stock Ownership Doubled Since the Early 1980s? Equity Participation Over the Past Half Century," Working Papers 2222, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
    5. John V. Duca & Jason L. Saving, 2008. "Stock Ownership And Congressional Elections: The Political Economy Of The Mutual Fund Revolution," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 46(3), pages 454-479, July.
    6. Michael D. Bordo & John V. Duca, 2025. "Money Matters: Broad Divisia Money and the Recovery of the US Nominal GDP From the COVID‐19 Recession," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(3), pages 1071-1096, April.
    7. Allan M. Malz, 2021. "The GameStop Episode: What Happened and What Does It Mean?," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 33(4), pages 87-97, December.
    8. John V. Duca, 2014. "What drives the shadow banking system in the short and long run?," Working Papers 1401, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
    9. Duca, John V., 2016. "How capital regulation and other factors drive the role of shadow banking in funding short-term business credit," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(S1), pages 10-24.

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