IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/rdevec/v26y2022i3p1785-1797.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Financial inclusion and education: An empirical study of financial inclusion in the face of the pandemic emergency due to Covid‐19 in Latin America and the Caribbean

Author

Listed:
  • Amirreza Kazemikhasragh
  • Marianna Vanessa Buoni Pineda

Abstract

Financial inclusion and education contribute to a country's development and economic growth. However, despite the significant efforts being made to increase access to financial products for women, a high percentage still do not have access to and effective use of formal financial services in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. This study analyzes financial inclusion (based on gender equality) in the countries studied using a pooled‐panel ordinary least squares econometric technique. Furthermore, the impact of interactions between the level of study, use of technology, academic degree during the Covid‐19 restrictions, number of credit borrowers, and number of borrowers with the interaction of the restrictions during the health emergency was evaluated employing the Gini coefficient and human development index (HDI). This study confirms that Latin America and the Caribbean countries can increase financial inclusion by changing their social aspects based on gender equality to ease using technology and access to credit. The results of this study are helpful for policy‐makers in formulating and implementing policies that lead to action plans that reverse an exclusionary financial system, promote financial education, and empower women.

Suggested Citation

  • Amirreza Kazemikhasragh & Marianna Vanessa Buoni Pineda, 2022. "Financial inclusion and education: An empirical study of financial inclusion in the face of the pandemic emergency due to Covid‐19 in Latin America and the Caribbean," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(3), pages 1785-1797, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rdevec:v:26:y:2022:i:3:p:1785-1797
    DOI: 10.1111/rode.12884
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12884
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/rode.12884?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mirela Xheneti & Shova Thapa Karki & Adrian Madden, 2019. "Negotiating business and family demands within a patriarchal society – the case of women entrepreneurs in the Nepalese context," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(3-4), pages 259-278, March.
    2. Nighat Seema & Fazal Jawad Seyyed & Choudhry Tanveer Shehzad, 2021. "Impact of gender on access to finance in developing countries," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(57), pages 6582-6610, December.
    3. Singh, Nirvikar, 2018. "Financial Inclusion: Concepts, Issues and Policies for India," MPRA Paper 91047, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Ana Llena-Nozal & Neil Martin & Fabrice Murtin, 2019. "The economy of well-being: Creating opportunities for people’s well-being and economic growth," OECD Statistics Working Papers 2019/02, OECD Publishing.
    5. Allen, Franklin & Demirguc-Kunt, Asli & Klapper, Leora & Martinez Peria, Maria Soledad, 2016. "The foundations of financial inclusion: Understanding ownership and use of formal accounts," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 1-30.
    6. Rashmi Arora, 2012. "Financial Inclusion and Human Capital in Developing Asia: the Australian connection," Third World Quarterly, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(1), pages 177-197.
    7. Babajide Fowowe & Emmanuel Oludele Folarin, 2019. "The effects of fragility and financial inequalities on inclusive growth in African countries," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(3), pages 1141-1176, August.
    8. Supriya Garikipati & Susan Johnson & Isabelle Guérin & Ariane Szafarz, 2017. "Microfinance and Gender: Issues, Challenges and The Road Ahead," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(5), pages 641-648, May.
    9. Ravi Srivastava, 2019. "Emerging Dynamics of Labour Market Inequality in India: Migration, Informality, Segmentation and Social Discrimination," The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Springer;The Indian Society of Labour Economics (ISLE), vol. 62(2), pages 147-171, June.
    10. Yan Shen & C. James Hueng & Wenxiu Hu, 2021. "Measurement and spillover effect of digital financial inclusion: a cross-country analysis," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(20), pages 1738-1743, November.
    11. Blofield, Merike & Giambruno, Cecilia & Filgueira, Fernando, 2020. "Policy expansion in compressed time: Assessing the speed, breadth and sufficiency of post-COVID-19 social protection measures in 10 Latin American countries," Políticas Sociales 46016, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    12. Rudolph,Heinz P. & Diaz Kalan,Federico Alfonso & Miguel Liriano,Faruk, 2022. "Challenges of Public Credit Guarantee Schemes in Latin America during the Pandemic," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9895, The World Bank.
    13. Chima M. Menyelim & Abiola A. Babajide & Alexander E. Omankhanlen & Benjamin I. Ehikioya, 2021. "Financial Inclusion, Income Inequality and Sustainable Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-15, February.
    14. Cyn-Young Park & Rogelio Mercado, 2018. "Financial Inclusion, Poverty, And Income Inequality," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 63(01), pages 185-206, March.
    15. Sionfou Seydou Coulibaly, 2022. "An analysis of the factors affecting the financial inclusion in Côte d’Ivoire," International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies, Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 11(1), pages 69-84, January.
    16. Ms. Ratna Sahay & Mr. Ulric Eriksson von Allmen & Ms. Amina Lahreche & Purva Khera & Ms. Sumiko Ogawa & Majid Bazarbash & Ms. Kimberly Beaton, 2020. "The Promise of Fintech: Financial Inclusion in the Post COVID-19 Era," IMF Departmental Papers / Policy Papers 2020/009, International Monetary Fund.
    17. Antonella Francesca Cicchiello & Amirreza Kazemikhasragh & Stefano Monferrá & Alicia Girón, 2021. "Financial inclusion and development in the least developed countries in Asia and Africa," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 10(1), pages 1-13, December.
    18. Yan, Yu & Qi, Shusen, 2021. "Childhood matters: Family education and financial inclusion," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    19. Morgan, Peter J. & Long, Trinh Quang, 2020. "Financial literacy, financial inclusion, and savings behavior in Laos," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    20. Philip Mader, 2018. "Contesting Financial Inclusion," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 49(2), pages 461-483, March.
    21. Javed Hussain & Samia Mahmood & Jonathan Scott, 2019. "Gender, Microcredit and Poverty Alleviation in a Developing Country: The Case of Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(3), pages 247-270, April.
    22. Sherry Tao Kong & Nicholas Loubere, 2021. "Digitally Down to the Countryside: Fintech and Rural Development in China," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(10), pages 1739-1754, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. David Damiyano & Stephen Mago, 2023. "An Analysis of the Impact of Financial Inclusion on Poverty and Development: Case of SACU Countries," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 13(6), pages 141-147, November.
    2. Thereza Balliester Reis, 2022. "Socio‐economic determinants of financial inclusion: An evaluation with a microdata multidimensional index," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(3), pages 587-611, April.
    3. Ozili, Peterson K, 2020. "Financial inclusion research around the world: a review," MPRA Paper 101809, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Anastasia Cozarenco & Ariane Szafarz, 2023. "Financial inclusion in high-income countries: gender gap or poverty trap?," Chapters, in: Valentina Hartarska & Robert J. Cull (ed.), Handbook of Microfinance, Financial Inclusion and Development, chapter 15, pages 272-296, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    5. Lyons, Angela C. & Kass-Hanna, Josephine & Fava, Ana, 2022. "Fintech development and savings, borrowing, and remittances: A comparative study of emerging economies," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 51(PA).
    6. Kuldeep Singh & Madhvendra Misra & Jitendra Yadav, 2021. "Corporate social responsibility and financial inclusion: Evaluating the moderating effect of income," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(5), pages 1263-1274, July.
    7. Juan Carlos Urueña-Mejía & Luis H. Gutierrez & Paul Rodríguez-Lesmes, 2023. "Financial inclusion and business practices of microbusiness in Colombia," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 13(2), pages 465-494, June.
    8. Anh L.N. Ngo, 2019. "Index of Financial Inclusion and the Determinants: An Investigation in Asia," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 9(12), pages 1368-1382, December.
    9. Jamil, Abd Rahim Md. & Law, Siong Hook & Mohamad Khair-Afham, M.S. & Trinugroho, Irwan, 2023. "Financial inclusion and economic uncertainty in developing countries: The role of digitalisation," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 786-806.
    10. Ozili, Peterson K, 2020. "Financial inclusion: a strong critique," MPRA Paper 101813, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Julia Bersch & Jean François Clevy & Naseem Muhammad & Mrs. Esther Perez Ruiz & Mr. Yorbol Yakhshilikov, 2021. "Fintech Potential for Remittance Transfers: A Central America Perspective," IMF Working Papers 2021/175, International Monetary Fund.
    12. Kevin Thomas Chacko & Pankaj Kumar Baag, 2021. "Financial Inclusion in India: An approach through FinTech as a solution," Working papers 463, Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode.
    13. Liu, Dan & Jin, Yanhong & Pray, Carl & Liu, Shuang, 2020. "The Effects of Digital Inclusive Finance on Household Income and Income Inequality in China?," 2020 Annual Meeting, July 26-28, Kansas City, Missouri 304238, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    14. Badeeb, Ramez Abubakr & Wang, Bo & Zhao, Jun & Khan, Zeeshan & Uktamov, Khusniddin Fakhriddinovich & Zhang, Changyong, 2023. "Natural resources extraction and financial inclusion: Linear and non-linear effect of natural resources on financial sector," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    15. Iza GIGAURI, 2022. "The Promise of Financial Inclusion for Developing Economies," International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration, Inovatus Services Ltd., vol. 8(6), pages 7-20, September.
    16. Zhao, Congyu & Jia, Rongwen & Dong, Kangyin, 2023. "Does financial inclusion achieve the dual dividends of narrowing carbon inequality within cities and between cities? Empirical evidence from China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    17. Guillermo Boitano & Deybi Franco Abanto, 2020. "Challenges of financial inclusion policies in Peru," Revista Finanzas y Politica Economica, Universidad Católica de Colombia, vol. 12(1), pages 89-117, June.
    18. Tram, Thi Xuan Huong & Lai, Tien Dinh & Nguyen, Thi Truc Huong, 2023. "Constructing a composite financial inclusion index for developing economies," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 257-265.
    19. Ozili, Peterson K, 2020. "Contesting digital finance for the poor," MPRA Paper 101812, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Zhian Zhiow Augustinne Wong & Ramez Abubakr Badeeb & Abey P. Philip, 2023. "Financial Inclusion, Poverty, and Income Inequality in ASEAN Countries: Does Financial Innovation Matter?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 169(1), pages 471-503, September.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:rdevec:v:26:y:2022:i:3:p:1785-1797. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1363-6669 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.