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Financial inclusion research around the world: A review

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  • Peterson K. Ozili

Abstract

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent evidence on financial inclusion from all the regions of the World. It identifies the emerging themes in the financial inclusion literature as well as some controversy in policy circles regarding financial inclusion. In particular, I draw attention to some issues such as optimal financial inclusion, extreme financial inclusion, how financial inclusion can transmit systemic risks to the formal financial sector, and whether financial inclusion and exclusion are pro-cyclical with changes in the economic cycle. The key findings in this review indicate that financial inclusion affects, and is influenced by, the level of financial innovation, poverty-levels, the stability of the financial sector, the state of the economy, financial literacy, and regulatory frameworks which differ across countries. Finally, the issues discussed in this paper opens up several avenues for future research

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  • Peterson K. Ozili, 2021. "Financial inclusion research around the world: A review," Forum for Social Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(4), pages 457-479, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:taf:fosoec:v:50:y:2021:i:4:p:457-479
    DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2020.1715238
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    Cited by:

    1. Clare J. M. Burns & Luke Houghton & Deborah Delaney & Cindy Shannon, 2023. "Ethical Decision-Making in Indigenous Financial Services: QSuper Case Study," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 186(1), pages 13-29, August.
    2. Wandeda, Dickson Onyango & Poulard, Denise & Kipkorir, Kemboi Michael & Ikiriinya, Caroline Kinya & Lentimalei, John West & Michael, Karanja & Loyapan, Peter Epukon & Ntutu, Jemimmah, 2023. "Digital Financial Inclusion and Financial Health in Kenya: Gendered Analysis," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 11(3), June.
    3. Adabor, Opoku & Mishra, Ankita, 2023. "The resource curse paradox: The role of financial inclusion in mitigating the adverse effect of natural resource rent on economic growth in Ghana," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    4. Choung, Youngjoo & Chatterjee, Swarn & Pak, Tae-Young, 2023. "Digital Financial Literacy and Financial Well-Being," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, issue Journal P, pages 1-1.
    5. Munacinga Simatele & Loyiso Maciko, 2022. "Financial Inclusion in Rural South Africa: A Qualitative Approach," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-22, August.
    6. Zhian Zhiow Augustinne Wong & Ramez Abubakr Badeeb & Abey P. Philip, 2023. "Financial Inclusion, Poverty, and Income Inequality in ASEAN Countries: Does Financial Innovation Matter?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 169(1), pages 471-503, September.
    7. Biruk B. Ashenafi & Dong Yan, 2023. "Financial intermediation, inclusion, Fintech, and income inequality in Africa: Robust evidence from the supply and demand side data," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 52(2), July.
    8. Aarakit, Sylvia Manjeri & Ntayi, Joseph M. & Wasswa, Francis & Buyinza, Faisal & Adaramola, Muyiwa S. & Ssennono, Vincent F., 2022. "The role of financial inclusion in adoption of solar photovoltaic systems: A case of Uganda," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C), pages 984-998.
    9. Jinlong Lin & Xiaoxiao Chen & Guiquan Yan, 2023. "How Smart City Construction Affects Digital Inclusive Finance in China: From the Perspective of the Relationship between Government and Large Private Capital," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-17, June.
    10. Favourate Y. Mpofu & David Mhlanga, 2022. "Digital Financial Inclusion, Digital Financial Services Tax and Financial Inclusion in the Fourth Industrial Revolution Era in Africa," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-22, July.
    11. Segun Kamoru FAKUNMOJU, 2023. "Naira Digitalization and Financial Stability of Selected Deposit Money Bank in Nigeria: Are Nigeria Bank Ready?," Economics and Applied Informatics, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, issue 2, pages 83-89.
    12. Rani Mamta & Siwach Manoj, 2023. "Financial Literacy in India: A Review of Literature," Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne, Sciendo, vol. 16(3), pages 446-458, September.
    13. Jimoh Sina Ogede & Musa Olanrewaju Oduola & Olumuyiwa Ganiyu Yinusa & Lukman Raimi, 2023. "Modelling The Influence Of Financial Inclusion On The Remittancegrowth Nexus In Nigeria," Economic Annals, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Belgrade, vol. 68(237), pages 137-163, April – J.
    14. Sun, Tong & Wang, Xuefang, 2023. "Adoption of financial inclusion in a world of depleting natural resources: The importance of information and communication technology in emerging economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    15. Saleh F. A. Khatib & Ernie Hendrawaty & Ayman Hassan Bazhair & Ibraheem A. Abu Rahma & Hamzeh Al Amosh, 2022. "Financial Inclusion and the Performance of Banking Sector in Palestine," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-15, October.
    16. Ahmad, Ahmad Hassan & Green, Christopher J. & Jiang, Fei & Murinde, Victor, 2023. "Mobile money, ICT, financial inclusion and growth: How different is Africa?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    17. Peterson K. Ozili & David Mhlanga, 2024. "Why is financial inclusion so popular? An analysis of development buzzwords," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(1), pages 231-253, January.
    18. Ozili, Peterson K, 2023. "Corporate governance and financial inclusion," MPRA Paper 118799, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Mohammed Seid Hussen & Mustafe Abdi Mohamed, 2023. "Impact of financial inclusion on household welfare in Ethiopia," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 9(1), pages 1-12, December.
    20. David Mhlanga, 2022. "An analysis of the influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors on financial inclusion in underdeveloped regions," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 11(6), pages 341-349, September.
    21. Hu, Bowei, 2024. "Banking Without Banks: How Bank Account Ownership Influences Racial Disparities in Alternative Financial Services," OSF Preprints mcew5, Center for Open Science.
    22. Bassam Al-Own & Tareq Bani-Khalid, 2021. "Financial Inclusion and Tax Revenue: Evidence From Europe," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 12(2), pages 27-42, April.
    23. David Mhlanga, 2021. "Financial Inclusion in Emerging Economies: The Application of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Credit Risk Assessment," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-16, July.

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