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The Theory and Practice of Corporate Risk Management: Evidence from the Field

Author

Listed:
  • Erasmo Giambona
  • John R. Graham
  • Campbell R. Harvey
  • Gordon M. Bodnar

Abstract

We survey more than 1,100 risk managers from around the world regarding their risk management policies. We find evidence consistent with some traditional theories of risk management, but not with all. We then study “why” or “why not” firms hedge and find that almost 90% of risk managers in nonfinancial firms hedge to increase expected cash flow. We also find that 70% to 80% of risk managers hedge to smooth earnings or to satisfy shareholders’ expectations. Our analysis also suggests that regulatory changes implemented to increase market stability (e.g., Dodd‐Frank Act) could discourage corporate hedging. Finally, we provide evidence regarding hedging in six areas of risk: interest rate, foreign exchange, commodity, energy, credit, and geopolitical. We find that operational hedging is more common than financial hedging in all risk areas except foreign exchange.

Suggested Citation

  • Erasmo Giambona & John R. Graham & Campbell R. Harvey & Gordon M. Bodnar, 2018. "The Theory and Practice of Corporate Risk Management: Evidence from the Field," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 47(4), pages 783-832, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:finmgt:v:47:y:2018:i:4:p:783-832
    DOI: 10.1111/fima.12232
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    3. Choi, Young Mok & Park, Kunsu & Kim, Woo Sung, 2020. "Corporate hedging and dividend policy: An empirical study of Korean firms," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 32(C).
    4. Pankaj K. Jain & Ayla Kayhan & Esen Onur, 2024. "Determinants of commodity market liquidity," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 59(1), pages 9-30, February.
    5. Vicente García Averell & Calixto López Castañon & Gabriel Levin-Konigsberg & Hillary Stein, 2023. "Risk Management and Derivatives Losses," Working Papers 23-8, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
    6. Karca D. Aral & Erasmo Giambona & Ye Wang, 2022. "Buyer’s Bankruptcy Risk, Sourcing Strategy, and Firm Value: Evidence from the Supplier Protection Act," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(11), pages 7940-7957, November.
    7. Chaudhry, Neeru & Gupta, Aastha, 2023. "Do derivatives benefit shareholders? Evidence from India," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PB).
    8. Biguri, Kizkitza & Brownlees, Christian & Ippolito, Filippo, 2022. "Corporate hedging and the variance of stock returns," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    9. Bashir, Taqadus & Khalid, Shujaat & Iqbal Khan, Kanwal & Javed, Saman, 2019. "Interest Rate Risk Management by Financial Engineering in Pakistani Non-Financial Firms," MPRA Paper 96426, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Jiyeon Yun & James M. Carson & David L. Eckles, 2023. "Executive compensation and corporate risk management," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 90(2), pages 521-557, June.
    11. John R. Graham, 2022. "Presidential Address: Corporate Finance and Reality," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 77(4), pages 1975-2049, August.
    12. Gunratan Lonare & Ahmet Nart & Ahmet M. Tuncez, 2022. "Industry tournament incentives and corporate hedging policies," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 51(2), pages 399-453, June.
    13. Chongwu Xia & Chuyi Yang & Lei Zhang, 2021. "The real effect of foreign exchange hedging on corporate innovation," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 41(12), pages 2046-2078, December.
    14. Richard Friberg & Isak Trygg Kupersmidt, 2023. "Hedging to market‐wide shocks and competitive selection," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(2), pages 450-466, April.
    15. Jerome Geyer-Klingeberg & Markus Hang & Andreas Rathgeber, 2021. "Corporate financial hedging and firm value: a meta-analysis," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(6), pages 461-485, April.
    16. Jiaqi Jiang & Yun Feng, 2021. "The interaction of risk management tools: Financial hedging, corporate diversification and liquidity," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(2), pages 2396-2413, April.

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