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Time to Resurrect Buffer Stocks?

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  • John McClintock

Abstract

Volatile food prices create problems for consumers and farmers the world over. Buffer stocks offer a way out. A buffer stock is a quantity of grain owned by the government which sets a price band via a maximum price and a minimum price for grain. By buying and selling grain from the buffer stock on the open market, the government can keep the domestic price within its desired price band and thus avoid unstable prices. A buffer stock does not require the government to forecast the future price of grain and is entirely compatible with a market economy; the government is effectively exploiting the forces of supply and demand to influence the market price. A buffer stock is also compatible with free international trade. In using a buffer stock to stabilise its domestic price of grain, a government helps to stabilise the world price. In contrast, a government which resorts to trade measures to stabilise its domestic price can cause the world price to become less stable. In this article it is argued that all countries – rich and poor alike – would do their consumers, their farmers and the world as a whole a favour if they were to set up buffer stocks. La volatilité des prix des denrées alimentaires pose des problèmes aux consommateurs et aux agriculteurs du monde entier. Les stocks tampons offrent une solution. Un stock tampon est une quantité de céréales détenue par les pouvoirs publics qui fixent une fourchette de prix avec un prix maximum et un prix minimum pour les céréales. En achetant et en vendant des céréales du stock tampon sur le marché libre, les pouvoirs publics peuvent maintenir le prix intérieur dans la fourchette de prix souhaitée et ainsi éviter des prix instables. Un stock tampon n'oblige pas les pouvoirs publics à prévoir le prix futur des céréales et est entièrement compatible avec une économie de marché; les pouvoirs publics exploitent effectivement les forces de l'offre et de la demande pour influencer le prix du marché. Un stock tampon est également compatible avec le libre‐échange international. En utilisant un stock tampon pour stabiliser le prix intérieur des céréales, les pouvoirs publics contribuent à stabiliser le prix mondial. En revanche, un état qui recourt à des mesures commerciales pour stabiliser son prix intérieur peut rendre le prix mondial moins stable. Dans cet article, il est avancé que tous les pays ‐ riches comme pauvres ‐ rendraient service à leurs consommateurs, à leurs agriculteurs et au monde entier s'ils mettaient en place des stocks tampons. Schwankende Lebensmittelpreise stellen für Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher sowie für die Landwirtschaft weltweit ein Problem dar. Buffer‐Stocks können eine Lösung sein. Hierbei handelt es sich um Getreidemengen, die der Staat besitzt und für die er eine Preisspanne mit einem Maximum‐ und einem Minimumpreis festlegt. Über den Kauf und Verkauf von Getreide aus dem Buffer‐Stock auf dem freien Markt kann ein Staat den inländischen Preis in der gewünschten Preisspanne halten und so schwankende Preise vermeiden. Buffer‐Stocks machen es für die Regierung nicht nötig, die zukünftigen Getreidepreise vorauszusagen. Darüber hinaus sind sie vollständig mit der Marktwirtschaft vereinbar, denn der Staat nutzt auf effektive Weise die Kräfte von Angebot und Nachfrage, um den Marktpreis zu beeinflussen. Buffer‐Stocks sind ebenso mit dem freien internationalen Handel im Einklang. Indem ein Staat Buffer‐Stocks einsetzt, um den inländischen Getreidepreis zu stabilisieren, trägt er dazu bei, den Weltmarkpreis zu stabilisieren. Im Gegensatz dazu können Handelsmaßnahmen eines Staates zur Stabilisierung des Inlandspreises dazu führen, dass der Weltmarktpreis instabiler wird. In diesem Beitrag argumentieren wir, dass alle Länder – sowohl reiche als auch arme – ihren Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern sowie der Landwirtschaft und der Welt insgesamt etwas Gutes täten, wenn sie Buffer‐Stocks einrichten würden.

Suggested Citation

  • John McClintock, 2021. "Time to Resurrect Buffer Stocks?," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 20(1), pages 67-70, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:20:y:2021:i:1:p:67-70
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12306
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jun Yang & Huanguang Qiu & Jikun Huang & Scott Rozelle, 2008. "Fighting global food price rises in the developing world: the response of China and its effect on domestic and world markets," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 39(s1), pages 453-464, November.
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