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Evaluation of Shell-Derived Calcium Oxide Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel Esters from Cooking Oils

Author

Listed:
  • Ngee Sing Chong

    (Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA)

  • Francis Uchenna Okejiri

    (Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA)

  • Saidi Abdulramoni

    (Catalent Biologics, 1300 S Patterson Drive, Bloomington, Indiana 47403, USA)

  • Shruthi Perna

    (Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA)

  • Beng Guat Ooi

    (Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA)

Abstract

Due to the high cost of feedstock and catalyst in biodiesel production, the viability of the biodiesel industry has been dependent on government subsidies or tax incentives. In order to reduce the cost of production, food wastes including eggshells and oyster shells have been used to prepare calcium oxide (CaO) catalysts for the transesterification reaction of biodiesel synthesis. The shells were calcined at 1000 °C for 4 hours to obtain CaO powders which were investigated as catalysts for the transesterification of waste cooking oil. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Reaction parameters such as methanol-to-oil molar ratio, CaO catalyst concentration, and reaction time were evaluated and optimized for the percentage conversion of cooking oil to biodiesel esters. The oyster-based CaO showed better catalytic activity when compared to the eggshell-based CaO under the same set of reaction conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Ngee Sing Chong & Francis Uchenna Okejiri & Saidi Abdulramoni & Shruthi Perna & Beng Guat Ooi, 2021. "Evaluation of Shell-Derived Calcium Oxide Catalysts for the Production of Biodiesel Esters from Cooking Oils," Academic Journal of Chemistry, Academic Research Publishing Group, vol. 6(1), pages 20-27, 03-2021.
    • Handle: RePEc:arp:ajcarp:2021:p:20-27
    DOI: 10.32861/ajc.61.20.27
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Harahap, Fumi & Silveira, Semida & Khatiwada, Dilip, 2019. "Cost competitiveness of palm oil biodiesel production in Indonesia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 62-72.
    2. Tan, Yie Hua & Abdullah, Mohammad Omar & Nolasco-Hipolito, Cirilo & Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin, 2015. "Waste ostrich- and chicken-eggshells as heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production from used cooking oil: Catalyst characterization and biodiesel yield performance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 58-70.
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