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Populizm w literaturze światowej: jego istota, źródła i wybrane skutki w sferze gospodarki

Author

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  • Barbara Maria Błaszczyk

Abstract

Artykuł zawiera przegląd literatury światowej nt. populizmu (pop.) jako zjawiska społecznego o szerokim i rosnącym zasięgu. Omówiono istotę, przyczyny i odmiany pop., z uwypukleniem jego wpływu na gospodarkę. Pop. został zdefiniowany jako sposób uprawiania polityki przeciwstawiający zwykłych ludzi elitom i realizujący rękami swoich przywódców „wolę ludu” jako całości. Podłożem do rozwoju pop. jest poczucie frustracji, zawodu i gniewu wśród dużych grup społecznych. Przywódcy pop. mobilizują zwolenników wykorzystując zaniedbania politycznego establishmentu dot. ważnych spraw społecznych i obiecując proste rozwiązania złożonych problemów. Będący u władzy pop. przywódcy realizują politykę nastawioną na krótkookresowe korzyści kosztem długookresowego rozwoju i deformują instytucje liberalnej demokracji. Nowsze badania zidentyfikowały okresy rządów pop. w kilkudziesięciu krajach od początku XX wieku i oceniły ich wpływ na długofalowe wyniki gospodarcze i poziom życia jako zdecydowanie negatywny. Na tym tle ukazano politykę populistyczną, która była prowadzona w Polsce w latach 2016-2023 w sposób, który może sprowadzić negatywne skutki podobne do tych, jakie wystąpiły w innych krajach.

Suggested Citation

  • Barbara Maria Błaszczyk, 2025. "Populizm w literaturze światowej: jego istota, źródła i wybrane skutki w sferze gospodarki," Ekonomista, Polskie Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne, issue 4, pages 564-589.
    • Handle: RePEc:aoq:ekonom:y:2025:i:4:p:564-589
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Luigi Guiso & Helios Herrera & Massimo Morelli & Tommaso Sonno, 2017. "Demand and Supply of Populism," EIEF Working Papers Series 1703, Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance (EIEF), revised Feb 2017.
    2. Guiso, Luigi & Herrera, Helios & Morelli, Massimo & Sonno, Tommaso, 2018. "Populism: Demand and Supply," CEPR Discussion Papers 11871, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
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    JEL classification:

    • H11 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Structure and Scope of Government
    • P16 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Capitalist Institutions; Welfare State
    • P48 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies
    • P59 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Comparative Economic Systems - - - Other

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