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Experimental Design-Based Optimization of Football Manufacturing: A Case Study of Anwar Khawaja Industries

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  • Muhammad Nauman, Misbah Ullah, Muhammad Junaid

    (Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar, Pakistan)

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the critical factors influencing the weight and quality of football bladders during the manufacturing process, with a focus on optimizing production at Anwar Khwaja Industries (Pvt) Limited, Sialkot. This research employs the Definitive Screening Design (DSD) to identify and quantify the impact of key variables, including material composition and process parameters, on the final product’s performance. Among the factors analyzed, Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) emerged as the most significant factor, demonstrating a strong effect on the response variable. Additionally, interactions between Sulphur–CaCO3, Zinc Oxide–BHT, and CaCO3–BHT were found to be critical in determining football quality, durability, and cost–efficiency. Statistical analysis, including regression modeling and ANOVA, underscores these relationships but also reveals model limitations. This study also addresses model accuracy concerns, reporting an R–R-squared value of 52.2%, while the low adjusted R2 (19.4%) and predicative R2 (0.0%) indicate limited generalizability. To address multicollinearity concerns, the factor reduction technique was applied, improving the reliability of experimental findings. The study emphasizes the role of advanced statistical techniques in optimizing manufacturing processes to maintain Pakistan’s global leadership in football production.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Nauman, Misbah Ullah, Muhammad Junaid, 2025. "Experimental Design-Based Optimization of Football Manufacturing: A Case Study of Anwar Khawaja Industries," International Journal of Innovations in Science & Technology, 50sea, vol. 7(7), pages 25-37, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:abq:ijist1:v:7:y:2025:i:7:p:25-37
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maria L. Weese & Philip J. Ramsey & Douglas C. Montgomery, 2018. "Analysis of definitive screening designs: Screening vs prediction," Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(2), pages 244-255, March.
    2. Tariq Raza, 2016. "Measuring Technology Differences Across Football Manufacturers in Sialkot," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 21(Special E), pages 237-251, September.
    3. David Atkin & Azam Chaudhry & Shamyla Chaudry & Amit K. Khandelwal & Eric Verhoogen, 2017. "Organizational Barriers to Technology Adoption: Evidence from Soccer-Ball Producers in Pakistan," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 132(3), pages 1101-1164.
    4. Khalid Nadvi, 2011. "Labour standards and technological upgrading: competitive challenges in the global football industry," International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 4(1/2/3), pages 235-257.
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