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What Is Middle Class about the Middle Classes around the World?

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Tomasz Panek, 2017. "Czy w Polsce zachodzi polaryzacja ekonomiczna?," Working Papers 79, Institute of Statistics and Demography, Warsaw School of Economics.
  2. Mejia, Paula & Meléndez Arjona, Marcela, 2012. "Middle-Class Entrepreneurs and Social Mobility through Entrepreneurship in Colombia," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 4082, Inter-American Development Bank.
  3. Simplice A. Asongu & Nicholas M. Odhiambo, 2021. "Income Levels, Governance and Inclusive Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 16(1), pages 71-103, February.
  4. Natalie Chun & Rana Hasan & Muhammad Habibur Rahman & Mehmet Ali Ulubaşoğlu, 2017. "The Role of Middle Class in Economic Development: What Do Cross-Country Data Show?," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(2), pages 404-424, May.
  5. Keshab Raj Bhattarai, 2016. "Economic Growth and Development in India and SAARC Countries," EcoMod2016 9631, EcoMod.
  6. Alston, Lee J. & Melo, Marcus Andre & Mueller, Bernardo & Pereira, Carlos, 2013. "Changing social contracts: Beliefs and dissipative inclusion in Brazil," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 48-65.
  7. Riaz, Rida, 2017. "Does Income and education of working-women transform societal values: An evidence from Pakistan," MPRA Paper 80798, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  8. Lorenzo Casaburi & Rocco Macchiavello, 2019. "Demand and Supply of Infrequent Payments as a Commitment Device: Evidence from Kenya," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 109(2), pages 523-555, February.
  9. Mac-Clure, Oscar, 2012. "Chile's new middle classes: a cohort analysis," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), December.
  10. Vide Romana Korez & Zavrl Irena & Hunjet Anica, 2021. "Exploring Emerging Markets’ Demographic and Macroeconomic Dynamics and the Middle Class Growth: The Case of China and India," Naše gospodarstvo/Our economy, Sciendo, vol. 67(4), pages 33-55, December.
  11. Gordon Anderson & Oliver Linton & Maria Grazia Pittau & Yoon-Jae Whang & Roberto Zelli, 2021. "On unit free assessment of the extent of multilateral distributional variation," The Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 24(3), pages 502-518.
  12. Gustavo Canavire‐Bacarreza & Michael Jetter & Marcos Robles, 2018. "When Does Economic Growth Reduce Poverty and Strengthen the Middle Class? A State‐Level, Sector‐Specific Analysis of Peru," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 84(4), pages 1067-1087, April.
  13. Matthieu Clément & Céline Bonnefond, 2014. "Does social class affect nutrition knowledge and food preferences among Chinese urban adults?," Post-Print hal-02147996, HAL.
  14. Milo Bianchi, 2012. "Financial Development, Entrepreneurship, and Job Satisfaction," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 94(1), pages 273-286, February.
  15. Randall Morck, 2011. "Finance and Governance in Developing Economies," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 3(1), pages 375-406, December.
  16. Prieto Suarez, Joaquin, 2023. "Degrees of vulnerability to poverty: a low-income dynamics approach for Chile," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 121993, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  17. Robert Mattes, 2014. "South Africa's Emerging Black Middle Class: A Harbinger of Political Change?," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2014-147, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  18. Inka Stock & Joanna Jadwiga Fröhlich, 2021. "Migrants’ Social Positioning Strategies in Transnational Social Spaces," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 9(1), pages 91-103.
  19. Milo Bianchi, 2010. "Credit constraints, entrepreneurial talent, and economic development," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 34(1), pages 93-104, January.
  20. Bourguignon, François & Bussolo, Maurizio, 2013. "Income Distribution in Computable General Equilibrium Modeling," Handbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modeling, in: Peter B. Dixon & Dale Jorgenson (ed.), Handbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modeling, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 0, pages 1383-1437, Elsevier.
  21. Gordon Anderson, Alessio Farcomeni, Maria Grazia Pittau and Roberto Zelli, 2019. "Multidimensional Nation Wellbeing, More Equal yet More Polarized: An Analysis of the Progress of Human Development Since 1990," Journal of Economic Development, Chung-Ang Unviersity, Department of Economics, vol. 44(1), pages 1-22, March.
  22. Xuan Chen & Guoping Li, 2023. "Middle Class Vulnerability in China: Measurement and Determinants," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-16, April.
  23. Heidi Kaila & Saurabh Singhal & Divya Tuteja, 2017. "Do fences make good neighbours?: Evidence from an insurgency in India," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2017-158, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  24. Handley, Antoinette, 2014. "Varieties of capitalists? The middle class, private sector and economic outcomes in Africa," WIDER Working Paper Series 101, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  25. Clément, Matthieu & Fauré, Yves-André & Berrou, Jean-Philippe & Combarnous, François & Darbon, Dominique, 2020. "Anatomy of the Brazilian middle class: identification, behaviours and expectations," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), April.
  26. World Bank Group, 2015. "Rwanda Poverty Assessment," World Bank Publications - Reports 22970, The World Bank Group.
  27. Richard M. Bird & Eric M. Zolt, 2014. "Taxation and inequality in the Americas: Changing the fiscal contract?," Chapters, in: Richard M. Bird & Jorge Martinez-Vazquez (ed.), Taxation and Development: The Weakest Link?, chapter 7, pages 193-237, Edward Elgar Publishing.
  28. Marcella Corsi & Carlo D'Ippoliti, 2013. "Class and gender in Europe, before and during the economic crisis," Working Papers CEB 13-027, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
  29. Leopoldo Tornarolli, 2014. "The Evolution of the Middle Class in Latin America," One Pager 258, International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth.
  30. Gandelman, Néstor & Robano, Virginia, 2012. "Intergenerational Mobility, Middle Sectors and Entrepreneurship in Uruguay," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 4032, Inter-American Development Bank.
  31. Evans Tindana Awuni & Daniele Malerba & Babette Never, 2023. "Understanding Vulnerability to Poverty, COVID-19’s Effects, and Implications for Social Protection: Insights from Ghana," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 23(3), pages 246-274, July.
  32. Séverin Aimé Blanchard Ouadika, 2020. "Health shocks and vulnerability to poverty in Congo," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 7(1), pages 1-8, December.
  33. David McKenzie & Susana Puerto, 2021. "Growing Markets through Business Training for Female Entrepreneurs: A Market-Level Randomized Experiment in Kenya," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 13(2), pages 297-332, April.
  34. Dorji, Lham, 2018. "Women-owned micro and small enterprises in Bhutan : what major obstacles impede their growth and innovation?," IDE Discussion Papers 719, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO).
  35. Gordon Anderson & Jasmin Thomas, 2019. "Measuring Multi-group Polarization, Segmentation and Ambiguity: Increasingly Unequal Yet Similar Constituent Canadian Income Distributions," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 145(3), pages 1001-1032, October.
  36. Bundervoet, Tom & Dávalos, Maria E. & Garcia, Natalia, 2022. "The short-term impacts of COVID-19 on households in developing countries: An overview based on a harmonized dataset of high-frequency surveys," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
  37. de Mel, Suresh & McKenzie, David & Woodruff, Christopher, 2014. "Business training and female enterprise start-up, growth, and dynamics: Experimental evidence from Sri Lanka," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 199-210.
  38. Joaquín Prieto, 2024. "Degrees of vulnerability to poverty: A low-income dynamics approach for Chile," Working Papers 666, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
  39. Vera-Cossio, Diego A. & Hoffmann, Bridget & Pecha, Camilo & Gallego, Jorge & Stampini, Marco & Vargas, David & Medina, María Paula & Álvarez, Esteban, 2023. "Re-thinking Social Protection: From Poverty Alleviation to Building Resilience in Middle-Income Households," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 12925, Inter-American Development Bank.
  40. Rafael La Porta & Andrei Shleifer, 2014. "The Unofficial Economy in Africa," NBER Chapters, in: African Successes, Volume I: Government and Institutions, pages 261-306, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  41. Olga Alonso-Villar & Coral del Río, 2024. "Gender, Race, and Class in an Intersectional Framework: Occupations and Wages in the United States," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(1), pages 40-69, January.
  42. Guillermo Cruces & Luis Felipe López Calva & Diego Battistón, 2011. "Down and Out or Up and In? Polarization-Based Measures of the Middle Class for Latin America," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0113, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
  43. Yoshifumi Fukunaga & Ponciano Intal & Fukunari Kimura & Phoumin Han & Philippa Dee & Narjoko Dionisius & OUM Sothea, . "ASEAN Rising: ASEAN and AEC Beyond 2015," Books, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), number 2013-asean-rising edited by Yoshifumi Fukunaga & Ponciano Intal, Jr. & Fukunari Kimura & Phoumin Han & Philippa Dee & Narjoko Di, July.
  44. Raghbendra Jha & Raghav Gaiha & Anil B. Deolalikar (ed.), 2014. "Handbook on Food," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 14879.
  45. Jean-Philippe Berrou & Dominique Darbon & Christian Bouquet & Anne Bekelynck & Matthieu Clément & François Combarnous & Eric Rougier, 2018. "Le réveil des classes moyennes ivoiriennes ? Identification, caractérisation et implications pour les politiques publiques," Post-Print hal-02147840, HAL.
  46. Oriol Carbonell-Nicolau & Humberto Llavador, 2021. "Inequality, Bipolarization, and Tax Progressivity," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 13(4), pages 492-513, November.
  47. Sebastien Carrere & Clement Mathieu & Francois Combarnous & Gabriel Kessker & Eric Rougier & Ariel Wilkis, 2022. "The middle class in Argentina: Dynamics, characteristics and implications for public policies," Post-Print hal-03773031, HAL.
  48. Yoshifumi Fukunaga & Ponciano Intal & Fukunari Kimura & Phoumin Han & Philippa Dee & Narjoko Dionisius & OUM Sothea, . "ASEAN Rising: ASEAN and AEC Beyond 2015," Books, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), number 2013-rpr-01 edited by Yoshifumi Fukunaga & Ponciano Intal, Jr. & Fukunari Kimura & Phoumin Han & Philippa Dee & Narjoko Di.
  49. Simplice Asongu & Joseph Nnanna, 2020. "Inclusive human development in sub-Saharan Africa," Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 14(2), pages 183-200, May.
  50. Alberto Batinti & Joan Costa‐Font, 2020. "Do economic recessions “squeeze the middle class”?," Economics and Politics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(3), pages 335-355, November.
  51. Martin Ravallion, 2020. "On Measuring Global Poverty," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 12(1), pages 167-188, August.
  52. Florencia Torche & Luis F. Lopez-Calva, 2013. "Stability and Vulnerability of the Latin American Middle Class," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(4), pages 409-435, December.
  53. repec:dau:papers:123456789/5380 is not listed on IDEAS
  54. Jean-Philippe BERROU & Dominique DARBON & Anne BEKELYNCK & Christian BOUQUET & Matthieu CLEMENT & François COMBARNOUS & Éric ROUGIER, 2018. "Le réveil des classes moyennes ivoiriennes ? Identification, caractérisation et implications pour les politiques publiques," Working Paper 6e6633ec-f96a-4f9f-a240-7, Agence française de développement.
  55. Bamiatzi, Vassiliki & Bozos, Konstantinos & Lambertides, Neophytos, 2016. "Mapping the trading behavior of the middle class in emerging markets: Evidence from the Istanbul Stock Exchange," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 679-690.
  56. Grohmann, Antonia, 2018. "Financial literacy and financial behavior: Evidence from the emerging Asian middle class," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 129-143.
  57. Çakır, Mustafa Yavuz & Kabundi, Alain, 2013. "Trade shocks from BRIC to South Africa: A global VAR analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 190-202.
  58. Matteo Bobba, 2013. "Liquidity, Risk, and Occupational Choices," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 80(2), pages 491-511.
  59. Kapsos, Steven. & Bourmpoula, Evangelia., 2013. "Employment and economic class in the developing world," ILO Working Papers 994855123402676, International Labour Organization.
  60. repec:nbr:nberch:13439 is not listed on IDEAS
  61. Orlando Zambrano Roman, 2020. "An emerging but vulnerable middle class: a description of trends in Asia and the Pacific," Asia-Pacific Sustainable Development Journal, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), vol. 27(1), pages 1-20, June.
  62. Tianyang Xi, 2014. "Reform or revolution? Theory and evidence on the role of the middle class in the rise of universal male suffrage," Journal of Theoretical Politics, , vol. 26(2), pages 283-311, April.
  63. Zhang Yuan & Guanghua Wan & Niny Khor, 2012. "The rise of middle class in rural China," China Agricultural Economic Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 4(1), pages 36-51, January.
  64. Daniel Bukstein & Nestor Gandelman, 2014. "Intra-Generational Social Mobility and Entrepreneurship in Uruguay," Latin American Journal of Economics-formerly Cuadernos de Economía, Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., vol. 51(2), pages 227-245, November.
  65. Durr-e-Nayab, 2011. "Estimating the Middle Class in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 50(1), pages 1-28.
  66. Nora Lustig, 2011. "Commitment to Equity Assessment (CEQ): A Diagnostic Framework to Assess Governments' Fiscal Policies Handbook," Working Papers 1122, Tulane University, Department of Economics.
  67. Matthieu Clément & Yves-André Faure & Jean-Philippe Berrou & François Combarnous & Dominique Darbon & Eric Rougier, 2018. "Anatomie de la classe moyenne brésilienne : identification, caractérisation et implications pour les politiques publiques," Working Papers hal-02147850, HAL.
  68. Abhijit V. Banerjee & Sendhil Mullainathan, 2008. "Limited Attention and Income Distribution," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 98(2), pages 489-493, May.
  69. Christian Daude & Nora Lustig & Angel Melguizo & Jose Ramon Perea, 2017. "On the middle 70%. The impact of fiscal policy on the emerging middle class in Latin America using Commitment to Equity," Working Papers 1716, Tulane University, Department of Economics.
  70. Jatta, Sylvester, 2013. "Labour Market Activities of Rural Households in developing countries," MPRA Paper 46543, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  71. C�line Bonnefond & Matthieu Cl�ment & Fran�ois Combarnous, 2015. "In search of the elusive Chinese urban middle class: an exploratory analysis," Post-Communist Economies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(1), pages 41-59, March.
  72. Nancy Birdsall, Nora Lustig, Christian Meyer, 2013. "The Strugglers: The New Poor in Latin America?-Working Paper 337," Working Papers 337, Center for Global Development.
  73. Nestor Gandelam & Virginia Robano, 2014. "Intergenerational Mobility and Entrepreneurship in Uruguay," Latin American Journal of Economics-formerly Cuadernos de Economía, Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., vol. 51(2), pages 195-226, November.
  74. Ravallion, Martin, 2010. "The Developing World's Bulging (but Vulnerable) Middle Class," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 445-454, April.
  75. Subash Sasidharan & S. N. Rajesh Raj, 2014. "The Growth Barriers of Informal Sector Enterprises: Evidence from India," The Developing Economies, Institute of Developing Economies, vol. 52(4), pages 351-375, December.
  76. Clément, Matthieu & Rougier, Eric & Berrou, Jean-Philippe & Combarnous, François & Darbon, Dominique, 2022. "“What’s in the middle”: Scratching beneath the surface of the middle class(es) in Brazil, Côte d’Ivoire, Turkey and Vietnam," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
  77. Thammarak Moenjak & Kengjai Watjanapukka & Oramone Chantapant & Teeravit Pobsukhirun, 2010. "New Globalization: Risks and Opportunities for Thailand in the Next Decade," Working Papers 2010-04, Monetary Policy Group, Bank of Thailand.
  78. Vagisha Gunasekara, 2015. "Unpacking the Middle: A Class-based Analysis of the Labour Market in Sri Lanka," Southern Voice Occasional Paper 22, Southern Voice.
  79. Peter Edward, Andy Sumner, 2013. "The Geography of Inequality: Where and by How Much Has Income Distribution Changed since 1990?-Working Paper 341," Working Papers 341, Center for Global Development.
  80. Antoinette Handley, 2014. "Varieties of Capitalists?: The Middle Class, Private Sector and Economic Outcomes in Africa," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2014-101, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  81. Matthieu Clément & Céline Bonnefond, 2014. "Does social class affect nutrition knowledge and food preferences among Chinese urban adults?," Post-Print hal-02147996, HAL.
  82. Lina Martínez & John Rennie Short & Maria Isabel Zafra, 2019. "A Fragile Hold on Consumption: Consumption and the New Middle Class in Colombia," Review of European Studies, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 11(3), pages 1-73, December.
  83. Lan, Xiaohuan & Li, Ben, 2011. "Nationalism and international trade: theory and evidence," MPRA Paper 36412, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 03 Feb 2012.
  84. Sehnbruch, Kirsten & González, Pablo & Apablaza, Mauricio & Méndez, Rocío & Arriagada, Verónica, 2020. "The Quality of Employment (QoE) in nine Latin American countries: A multidimensional perspective," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
  85. Gine, Xavier & Mansuri, Ghazala, 2014. "Money or ideas ? a field experiment on constraints to entrepreneurship in rural Pakistan," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6959, The World Bank.
  86. Reham Rizk & Ricardo Nogales, 2017. "Revisiting the Middle-Class Myth: Evidence From A Cross-Country Analysis of African Social Progress," Working Papers 1139, Economic Research Forum, revised 09 2003.
  87. Gordon Anderson & Alessio Farcomeni & Grazia Pittau & Roberto Zelli, 2014. "A new approach to measuring and studying the characteristics of class membership: The progress of poverty, inequality and polarization of income classes in urban China," Working Papers tecipa-521, University of Toronto, Department of Economics.
  88. Kathuria, Vinish & Rajesh Raj, S.N. & Sen, Kunal, 2013. "The effects of economic reforms on manufacturing dualism: Evidence from India," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(4), pages 1240-1262.
  89. Amoranto, Glenita & Chun, Natalie & Deolalikar, Anil, 2010. "Who are the Middle Class and What Values do They Hold? Evidence from the World Values Survey," ADB Economics Working Paper Series 229, Asian Development Bank.
  90. Alain Desdoigts & Fernando Jaramillo, 2020. "Bounded Learning by Doing, Inequality, and Multi-Sector Growth: A Middle-Class Perspective," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 36, pages 198-219, April.
  91. Mariam Shahzadi & Muhammad Faraz Riaz & Sofia Anwar & Samia Nasreen, 2017. "How unequal is the size of middle class in the rural urban areas of Punjab province," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 44(2), pages 253-266, February.
  92. Michal Brzezinski, 2013. "Income polarization and economic growth," Working Papers 296, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
  93. Andy Sumner, 2016. "The world's two new middles: Growth, precarity, structural change, and the limitations of the special case," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2016-34, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  94. Rebecca Rasch, 2014. "Measuring the Middle Class in Middle Income Countries," LIS Working papers 611, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
  95. Oasis Kodila-Tedika & Simplice A. Asongu & Julio Mukendi Kayembe, 2016. "Middle Class in Africa: Determinants and Consequences," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(4), pages 527-549, October.
  96. Cummins, Neil, 2021. "Where Is the Middle Class? Evidence from 60 Million English Death and Probate Records, 1892–1992," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 81(2), pages 359-404, June.
  97. Stefan D. Josten, 2013. "Middle-Class Consensus, Social Capital And The Fundamental Causes Of Economic Growth And Development," Journal of Economic Development, Chung-Ang Unviersity, Department of Economics, vol. 38(1), pages 1-26, March.
  98. Bussolo, Maurizio & Maliszewska, Maryla & Murard, Elie, 2014. "The long-awaited rise of the middle class in Latin America is finally happening," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6912, The World Bank.
  99. Vasiliy A. Anikin & Yulia P. Lezhnina & Svetlana V. Mareeva & Ekaterina D. Slobodenyuk & Nataliya N. Tikhonovà, 2016. "Income Stratification: Key Approaches and Their Application to Russia," HSE Working papers WP BRP 02/PSP/2016, National Research University Higher School of Economics.
  100. Simplice A Asongu & Sara Le Roux, 2019. "Understanding Sub-Saharan Africa’s Extreme Poverty Tragedy," International Journal of Public Administration, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(6), pages 457-467, April.
  101. Luboš Smutka & Michal Steininger & Mansoor Maitah & Eva Rosochatecká & Anna Belova & Salim Nassir, 2013. "Retail food prices in the Czech Republic - the influence of selected factors," Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, Mendel University Press, vol. 61(2), pages 481-492.
  102. World Bank, 2012. "Global Economic Prospects, January 2012 [Perspectivas económicas mundiales : incertidumbre y vulnerabilidad - Resumen ejecutivo]," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 12105, December.
  103. repec:ilo:ilowps:482296 is not listed on IDEAS
  104. Hai‐Anh H. Dang & Peter F. Lanjouw, 2017. "Welfare Dynamics Measurement: Two Definitions of a Vulnerability Line and Their Empirical Application," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 63(4), pages 633-660, December.
  105. Gordon Anderson & Thomas Fruehauf & Maria Grazia Pittau & Roberto Zelli, 2015. "Evaluating Progress Toward an Equal Opportunity Goal: Assessing the German Educational Reforms of the First Decade of the 21st Century," Working Papers tecipa-552, University of Toronto, Department of Economics.
  106. Xiaohuan Lan & Ben G. Li, 2015. "The Economics of Nationalism," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 7(2), pages 294-325, May.
  107. Esteban Cabrera Cevallos & Edwin Buenaño, 2018. "¿Ha crecido la clase media en el Ecuador? Un análisis mediante índices de polarización del ingreso para el periodo 2007-2014," Revista de Economía del Rosario, Universidad del Rosario, vol. 21(1), pages 121-152, June.
  108. Kandogan, Yener & Johnson, Scott D., 2016. "Role of economic and political freedom in the emergence of global middle class," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 711-725.
  109. Marcela Melendez & Paula Mejia, 2014. "Middle-Class Entrepreneurs and Inadequate Prospects for Social Mobility through Entrepreneurship in Colombia," Latin American Journal of Economics-formerly Cuadernos de Economía, Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., vol. 51(2), pages 279-305, November.
  110. François Combarnous & Jean-Philippe Berrou & Matthieu Clément & Dominique Darbon & Eric Rougier, 2019. "‘We Are the Middle Class’ The New Turkish Middle Class: Identification, Behaviors and Expectations," Post-Print halshs-02421481, HAL.
  111. David Tschirley & Thomas Reardon & Michael Dolislager & Jason Snyder, 2015. "The Rise of a Middle Class in East and Southern Africa: Implications for Food System Transformation," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(5), pages 628-646, July.
  112. Abebe Shimeles & Mthuli Ncube, 2015. "The Making of the Middle-Class in Africa: Evidence from DHS Data," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(2), pages 178-193, February.
  113. Luis López-Calva & Eduardo Ortiz-Juarez, 2014. "A vulnerability approach to the definition of the middle class," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 12(1), pages 23-47, March.
  114. Anderson, Gordon & Farcomeni, Alessio & Pittau, Maria Grazia & Zelli, Roberto, 2016. "A new approach to measuring and studying the characteristics of class membership: Examining poverty, inequality and polarization in urban China," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 191(2), pages 348-359.
  115. Zoya Nissanov & Maria Grazia Pittau, 2016. "Measuring changes in the Russian middle class between 1992 and 2008: a nonparametric distributional analysis," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 50(2), pages 503-530, March.
  116. Fernando Borraz & Nicolás González & Máximo Rossi, 2013. "Polarization and the Middle Class in Uruguay," Latin American Journal of Economics-formerly Cuadernos de Economía, Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., vol. 50(2), pages 289-326, November.
  117. Fitrawaty, & Maipita, Indra & Hermawan, Wawan & Rahman, Haikal, 2018. "The Impact of Middle-Class towards Economic Growth and Income Inequality in Indonesia," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 52(3), pages 3-16.
  118. Guercini, Simone & Runfola, Andrea, 2016. "How western marketers respond to the new middle class in emerging market cities: The case of Italian fashion marketers," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 691-702.
  119. Hai-Anh H. Dang & Peter F. Lanjouw, 2016. "Toward a New Definition of Shared Prosperity: A Dynamic Perspective from Three Countries," International Economic Association Series, in: Kaushik Basu & Joseph E. Stiglitz (ed.), Inequality and Growth: Patterns and Policy, chapter 5, pages 151-171, Palgrave Macmillan.
  120. Nic Cheeseman, 2014. "Does the African Middle Class Defend Democracy?: Evidence from Kenya," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2014-096, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  121. Jean-Philippe Berrou & Matthieu Clément & François Combarnous & Dominique Darbon & Yves-André Faure & Eric Rougier, 2019. "L’essor des classes moyennes dans les pays en développement et émergents : une étude comparative des enjeux d’identification, de caractérisation et de politiques publiques," Working Papers hal-02147531, HAL.
  122. Khalid Abu-Ismail & Niranjan Sarang, 2015. "Rethinking the measurement of the middle class: Evidence from Egypt," WIDER Working Paper Series 023, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  123. Khalid Abu-Ismail & Niranjan Sarang, 2015. "Rethinking the Measurement of the Middle Class: Evidence from Egypt," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2015-023, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  124. Rick Mourits & Luuk Van Kempen, 2016. "How Do the Middle Class and the Poor Grow Apart? An Empirical Test of the Psychological Well-Being Pathway in Middle-Income Countries," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 28(5), pages 893-915, November.
  125. Francesca Castellani & Eduardo Lora, 2014. "Is Entrepreneurship a Channel of Social Mobility in Latin America?," Latin American Journal of Economics-formerly Cuadernos de Economía, Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., vol. 51(2), pages 179-194, November.
  126. Chun, Natalie & Hasan, Rana & Rahman, Muhammad Habibur & Ulubaşoğlu, Mehmet A., 2016. "The role of middle class in democratic diffusion," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 536-548.
  127. Diego F. Grijalva, 2017. "The rise of the middle class in Ecuador during the oil boom," Revista Cuadernos de Economia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID, vol. 36(72), October.
  128. M. Grazia Pittau & Roberto Zelli, 2023. "Anchoring Measurement of the Middle‐Income Class to Subjective Evaluation," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 69(1), pages 60-75, March.
  129. Rogelio Madrueño-Aguilar, 2017. "Global Income Distribution and the Middle-Income Strata: Implications for the World Development Taxonomy Debate," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 29(1), pages 1-18, January.
  130. María Gómez-León, 2015. "The Rise of the Middle Class, Brazil (1839-1950)," Working Papers 0091, European Historical Economics Society (EHES).
  131. Diego Aboal, 2020. "Electoral systems and economic growth," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 37(3), pages 781-805, October.
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  133. Jimenez, Emmanuel & Nguyen, Vy & Patrinos, Harry Anthony, 2012. "Stuck in the middle ? human capital development and economic growth in Malaysia and Thailand," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6283, The World Bank.
  134. Bird, Richard M. & Zolt, Eric M., 2015. "Fiscal Contracting in Latin America," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 323-335.
  135. Park, Hyungmin, 2023. "Developmental Dictatorship and Middle Class-driven Democratisation," QAPEC Discussion Papers 20, Quantitative and Analytical Political Economy Research Centre.
  136. World Bank, 2016. "Tunisia Poverty Assessment 2015," World Bank Publications - Reports 24410, The World Bank Group.
  137. Adnan M. S. Fakir, 2016. "Revisiting the child health-wealth nexus," Health Economics Review, Springer, vol. 6(1), pages 1-13, December.
  138. Kantis, Hugo & Federico, Juan & Trajtenberg, Luis A., 2012. "Latin American Middle-Class Entrepreneurs and their Firms: A Regional View and International Comparison," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 4041, Inter-American Development Bank.
  139. Sèna Kimm Gnangnon, 2022. "Does poverty deter foreign direct investment flows to developing countries?," International Journal of Economic Policy Studies, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 297-330, February.
  140. Aparicio, Sebastian & Audretsch, David & Noguera, Maria & Urbano, David, 2022. "Can female entrepreneurs boost social mobility in developing countries? An institutional analysis," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
  141. repec:ehl:lserod:121085 is not listed on IDEAS
  142. Reyes-Hernández, Miguel Santiago & Cerón-Vargas, José Arturo & López-López, Miguel & miguel.lpz.lpz@gmail.com, 2016. "México: un país que no se mueve. Un análisis de movilidad social a partir de un enfoque de clases./ Mexico: a country that does not move. An analysis of social mobility from of a class approach," Panorama Económico, Escuela Superior de Economía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, vol. 12(23), pages 87-122, Segundo s.
  143. Carlos Sánchez-González & Rosa M. García-Fernández, 2020. "A Multivariate Indicator to Compute Middle Class Population," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 147(1), pages 1-14, January.
  144. Vyacheslav Bobkov & Peter Herrmann & Igor Kolmakov & Yelena Odintsova, 2018. "Two-Criterion Model of the Russian Society Stratification by Income and Housing Security," Economy of region, Centre for Economic Security, Institute of Economics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, vol. 1(4), pages 1061-1075.
  145. Grace Kite, 2018. "A conduit for knowledge? demonstrating the strength of technology improvements in Indian firms that buy outsourced information technology," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 28(2), pages 225-243, April.
  146. Ravallion,Martin & Chen,Shaohua, 2017. "Welfare-consistent global poverty measures," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8170, The World Bank.
  147. Matthieu Clement & Céline Bonnefond, 2015. "Does social class affect nutrition knowledge and food preferences among chinese urban adults?," Working papers of CATT hal-02949035, HAL.
  148. Sami Remes, 2022. "Decomposition of the Shrinking Middle-class and Directional Mobility in Finland 1995–2012," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 162(3), pages 1281-1312, August.
  149. Smith, Michael D. & Kassa, Woubet & Winters, Paul, 2017. "Assessing food insecurity in Latin America and the Caribbean using FAO’s Food Insecurity Experience Scale," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 48-61.
  150. Eric Rougier & Jean‐Philippe Berrou & Matthieu Clément & François Combarnous & Dominique Darbon, 2021. "Should we call it a (middle) class? A socio‐economic exploration of the Vietnamese middle‐income group," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(8), pages 1321-1345, November.
  151. Alessandro, Fornaroli, 2021. "Vietnam – A general study of the triangulation toward change social movements, economic development, and political changeover," OSF Preprints 8bgmu, Center for Open Science.
  152. Premand, Patrick & Brodmann, Stefanie & Almeida, Rita & Grun, Rebekka & Barouni, Mahdi, 2016. "Entrepreneurship Education and Entry into Self-Employment Among University Graduates," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 311-327.
  153. Steffen Dyck, 2009. "Emerging Asia's Middle Class-A Force to be Reckoned With," Working Papers id:2232, eSocialSciences.
  154. Dilip K. Das, 2009. "Globalisation And An Emerging Global Middle Class," Economic Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(3), pages 89-92, September.
  155. Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg & Tristan Reed, 2023. "Presidential Address: Demand‐Side Constraints in Development. The Role of Market Size, Trade, and (In)Equality," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 91(6), pages 1915-1950, November.
  156. Martin Ravallion, 2012. "Why Don't We See Poverty Convergence?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 102(1), pages 504-523, February.
  157. Andy Sumner, 2016. "The world's two new middles Growth, precarity, structural change, and the limitations of the special case," WIDER Working Paper Series 034, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  158. Florencia Torche & Luis F. Lopez-Calva, 2013. "Stability and Vulnerability of the Latin American Middle Class," Oxford Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(4), pages 409-435, December.
  159. Rayees Ahmad Sheikh & Sarthak Gaurav, 2020. "Informal Work in India: A Tale of Two Definitions," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 32(4), pages 1105-1127, September.
  160. Peter Edward & Andy Sumner, 2014. "The Poor, the Prosperous and the ‘Inbetweeners’: A Fresh Perspective on Global Society, Inequality and Growth," Working Papers 122, International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth.
  161. Mattes, Robert, 2014. "South Africa’s Emerging Black Middle Class: A Harbinger of Political Change?," WIDER Working Paper Series 147, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  162. Tomasz Panek & Jan Zwierzchowski, 2020. "Median Relative Partial Income Polarization Indices: Investigating Economic Polarization in Poland During the Years 2005–2015," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 149(3), pages 1025-1044, June.
  163. María Edo & Walter Sosa Escudero & Marcela Svarc, 2021. "A multidimensional approach to measuring the middle class," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 19(1), pages 139-162, March.
  164. Huynh, Phu. & Kapsos, Steven., 2013. "Economic class and labour market inclusion poor and middle class workers in developing Asia and the Pacific," ILO Working Papers 994822963402676, International Labour Organization.
  165. Vani S. Kulkarni, 2014. "Global middle class and dietary patterns: a sociological perspective," Chapters, in: Raghbendra Jha & Raghav Gaiha & Anil B. Deolalikar (ed.), Handbook on Food, chapter 20, pages 515-538, Edward Elgar Publishing.
  166. Yuan, Zhang & Wan, Guanghua & Khor, Niny, 2011. "The Rise of the Middle Class in the People's Republic of China," ADB Economics Working Paper Series 247, Asian Development Bank.
  167. Lukas Schlogl & Andy Sumner, 2014. "How Middle Class are the ‘Emerging Middle’ or ‘Scooter Class’ in Indonesia? A Household Asset Approach to Social Stratification," Working Papers in Economics and Development Studies (WoPEDS) 201407, Department of Economics, Padjadjaran University, revised May 2014.
  168. Rocco Zizzamia & Simone Schotte & Murray Leibbrandt & Vimal Ranchhod, 2016. "Vulnerability and the Middle Class in South Africa," SALDRU Working Papers 188, Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town.
  169. Jean-Philippe Berrou & Damien Girollet, 2019. "A la recherche des « gazelles » du secteur informel urbain africain. Entreprises et entrepreneurs à fort potentiel dans leur environnement socioéconomique et numérique," Working Papers hal-02507441, HAL.
  170. Simplice A. Asongu & Sara le Roux, 2018. "Understanding Sub-Saharan Africa’s Extreme Poverty Tragedy," Research Africa Network Working Papers 18/012, Research Africa Network (RAN).
  171. Nizar, Muhammad Afdi, 2015. "Kelas Menengah (Middle Class) dan Implikasinya bagi Perekonomian Indonesia [Middle Class and Its Implications for the Indonesian Economy]," MPRA Paper 98471, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  172. Kausik Chaudhuri & S. N Rajesh Raj & Subash Sasidharan, 2018. "Broadband Adoption and Firm Performance: Evidence from Informal Sector Firms in India," Working Papers id:12744, eSocialSciences.
  173. Walter Sosa-Escudero & Sergio Petralia, 2011. "Anatomy of Distributive Changes in Argentina," Chapters, in: Werner Baer & David Fleischer (ed.), The Economies of Argentina and Brazil, chapter 10, Edward Elgar Publishing.
  174. Prettner, Klaus & Seiffert, Sebastian, 2018. "The size of the middle class and educational outcomes: Theory and evidence from the Indian subcontinent," Hohenheim Discussion Papers in Business, Economics and Social Sciences 14-2018, University of Hohenheim, Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences.
  175. Birdsall, Nancy & Lustig, Nora & Meyer, Christian J., 2014. "The Strugglers: The New Poor in Latin America?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 132-146.
  176. Tilman Brück & Neil T N Ferguson & Valeria Izzi & Wolfgang Stojetz, 2021. "Can Jobs Programs Build Peace? [Intergroup Conflict and Intra-Group Punishment in an Experimental Contest Game]," The World Bank Research Observer, World Bank, vol. 36(2), pages 234-259.
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  178. Sikdar, Satadru, 2019. "Rate of Return to Education in India: Some Insights," Working Papers 19/270, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy.
  179. Iva Tomic & Joanna Tyrowicz, 2010. "What Happened to the Middle Class in the New Market Economies? The Case of Croatia and Poland," Croatian Economic Survey, The Institute of Economics, Zagreb, vol. 12(1), pages 9-44, April.
  180. Majid, Muhammad Farhan, 2015. "The persistent effects of in utero nutrition shocks over the life cycle: Evidence from Ramadan fasting," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 48-57.
  181. repec:wbk:wbpubs:12100 is not listed on IDEAS
  182. Rana Hasan & Karl Robert L. Jandoc, 2008. "The quality of jobs in the Philippines : Comparing self-employment with wage employment," UP School of Economics Discussion Papers 200811, University of the Philippines School of Economics.
  183. Sofía Plata, 2020. "Impacto de la estructura fiscal en el tamaño de la clase media," Documentos de Trabajo (working papers) 0920, Department of Economics - dECON.
  184. Matthieu Clement & Céline Bonnefond, 2015. "Does social class affect nutrition knowledge and food preferences among chinese urban adults?," Working Papers hal-02949035, HAL.
  185. Michael A. Clemens & Claudio Montenegro & Lant Pritchett, 2016. "Bounding the Price Equivalent of Migration Barriers," CID Working Papers 316, Center for International Development at Harvard University.
  186. Tatsuya Asami, 2021. "Timing of international market openings and shrinking middle‐income class," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(4), pages 2275-2297, November.
  187. Peter Edward & Andy Sumner, 2013. "Inequality from a global perspective: An alternative approach," Working Papers 302, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
  188. Hafez Ghanem, 2014. "Governance Reform to Achieve Social Justice and Inclusive Growth in Egypt: Building Inclusive Economic Institutions," Working Papers 873, Economic Research Forum, revised Nov 2014.
  189. Sempiira EJ, & Ononye, C & Robinson, J & Aralu, A & Mugisa, DJ & Katimbo, A & Galiwango, J & Gomillion, C & Kisaalita, William S, 2022. "Assessing energy sources for powering “evakuula”," African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development (AJFAND), African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development (AJFAND), vol. 22(09).
  190. Alan Fowler & Kees Biekart, 2016. "Navigating Polycentric Governance from a Citizen’s Perspective: The Rising New Middle Classes Respond," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 28(4), pages 705-721, September.
  191. Francesca Castellani & Gwenn Parent & Jannet Zenteno, 2014. "The Latin American Middle Class: Fragile After All?," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 87419, Inter-American Development Bank.
  192. Loayza, Norman & Rigolini, Jamele & Llorente, Gonzalo, 2012. "Do middle classes bring about institutional reforms?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 116(3), pages 440-444.
  193. World Bank Group, 2016. "Fifth Ethiopia Economic Update," World Bank Publications - Reports 25747, The World Bank Group.
  194. Arjun Jayadev & Rahul Lahoti & Sanjay Reddy, 2015. "The Middle Muddle: Conceptualizing and Measuring the Global Middle Class," Courant Research Centre: Poverty, Equity and Growth - Discussion Papers 193, Courant Research Centre PEG.
  195. Simone Schotte & Rocco Zizzamia & Murray Leibbrandt, 2017. "Social stratification, life chances and vulnerability to poverty in South Africa," SALDRU Working Papers 208, Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town.
  196. Soichiro Tanaka & Masato Shikata, 2019. "The middle class in Japan, 1994-2009: Trends and characteristics," Keio-IES Discussion Paper Series 2019-001, Institute for Economics Studies, Keio University.
  197. Anthony B. Atkinson & Andrea Brandolini, 2011. "On the identification of the “middle class”," Working Papers 217, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
  198. Inna Cabelkova, 2021. "Sustainability of State Budgetary Expenses: Tax Compliance of Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Groups—The Evidence from the Czech Republic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-16, August.
  199. Serguei MIKHAILITCHENKO, 2017. "Economic structure of educational process and its implications for the higher education reform," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania - AGER, vol. 0(1(610), S), pages 69-82, Spring.
  200. Zhang, Weiying & Cooper, W.W. & Deng, Honghui & Parker, Barnett R. & Ruefli, Timothy W., 2010. "Entrepreneurial talent and economic development in China," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 44(4), pages 178-192, December.
  201. Sandeep Mohapatra & Bruno Wichmann & Philippe Marcoul, 2018. "Removing The “Veil Of Ignorance”: Nonlinearities In Education Effects On Gender Wage Inequalities," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 36(4), pages 644-666, October.
  202. Patrick Lubega & Frances Nakakawa & Gaia Narciso & Carol Newman & Cissy Kityo, 2017. "Inspiring women: Experimental evidence on sharing entrepreneurial skills in Uganda," Trinity Economics Papers tep2017, Trinity College Dublin, Department of Economics.
  203. Gómez León, María, 2015. "The rise of the middle class : Brazil (1839-1950)," IFCS - Working Papers in Economic History.WH wp15-09, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto Figuerola.
  204. repec:ilo:ilowps:485512 is not listed on IDEAS
  205. Edgar Bejarano B, 2011. "Algunos aprendizajes y postulados para la intervención social," Investigaciones y Productos CID 8345, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID.
  206. Daniela-Neonila, Mardiros & Roxana-Manuela, DICU, 2014. "The Emerging Economies Classification In Terms Of Their Defining, Grouping Criteria And Acronyms Used For This Purpose," Management Strategies Journal, Constantin Brancoveanu University, vol. 26(4), pages 311-319.
  207. David Tschirley & Thomas Reardon & Michael Dolislager & Jason Snyder, 2015. "The Rise of a Middle Class in East and Southern Africa: Implications for Food System Transformation," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(5), pages 628-646, July.
  208. Alain Desdoigts & Fernando Jaramillo, 2017. "Learning by Doing, Inequality, and Sustained Growth: A Middle-class Perspective," EUSP Department of Economics Working Paper Series 2017/05, European University at St. Petersburg, Department of Economics.
  209. Tsiry ANDRIANAMPIARIVO, 2014. "Moderate Prosperity, an adaptation of the Middle Class concept to a Malagasy rural area: the case of Itasy," Cahiers du GREThA (2007-2019) 2014-20, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA).
  210. Tomasz Panek, 2016. "Polaryzacja ekonomiczna w Polsce i w Unii Europejskiej," Working Papers 78, Institute of Statistics and Demography, Warsaw School of Economics.
  211. Serguei MIKHAILITCHENKO, 2017. "Economic structure of educational process and its implications for the higher education reform," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania - AGER, vol. 0(1(610), S), pages 69-82, Spring.
  212. Nancy Birdsall, 2012. "A Note on the Middle Class in Latin America," Working Papers 303, Center for Global Development.
  213. Andy Sumner, 2012. "The Buoyant Billions: How “Middle Class†Are the New Middle Classes in Developing Countries? (And Why Does It Matter?)," Working Papers id:5169, eSocialSciences.
  214. Ozturk, Ayse, 2016. "Examining the economic growth and the middle-income trap from the perspective of the middle class," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 726-738.
  215. Cheeseman, Nic, 2014. "Does the African middle class defend democracy? Evidence from Kenya," WIDER Working Paper Series 096, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
  216. Angel Melguizo, 2015. "Pensions, informality, and the emerging middle class," IZA World of Labor, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), pages 169-169, July.
  217. Remes Sami, 2019. "Middle class decline in Finland 1995-2012 : Decomposition and directional mobility," Working Papers 1925, Tampere University, Faculty of Management and Business, Economics.
  218. Javalgi, Rajshekhar (Raj) G. & Grossman, David A., 2016. "Aspirations and entrepreneurial motivations of middle-class consumers in emerging markets: The case of India," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 657-667.
  219. Salinas, Aldo & Ortiz, Cristian & Changoluisa, Javier & Muffatto, Moreno, 2023. "Testing three views about the determinants of informal economy: New evidence at global level and by country groups using the CS-ARDL approach," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 438-455.
  220. Roy, Satyaki, 2011. "Trends and Patterns in Consumption Expenditure: A Review of Class and Rural-Urban Disparities," MPRA Paper 35901, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  221. Tamer Cavusgil, 2014. "Trends in middle class as a driver for strategic marketing," MERCATI & COMPETITIVIT?, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2014(3), pages 7-10.
  222. Mohammad Reza Farzanegan & Pooya Alaedini & Khayyam Azizimehr, 2017. "Middle Class in Iran: Oil Rents, Modernization, and Political Development," MAGKS Papers on Economics 201756, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
  223. Walingo, Mary K. & Kidake, Francis M., 2013. "The Influence of Household Procurement Strategies on Food Intake and Nutritional Status of Pre-school Children in Rural Western Kenya," Sustainable Agriculture Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 2(2).
  224. Maitra, Sudeshna, 2016. "The poor get poorer: Tracking relative poverty in India using a durables-based mixture model," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 110-120.
  225. Frank‐Borge Wietzke, 2020. "Poverty, Inequality, and Fertility: The Contribution of Demographic Change to Global Poverty Reduction," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 46(1), pages 65-99, March.
  226. Andy Sumner, 2012. "The Buoyant Billions: How “Middle Class” Are the New Middle Classes in Developing Countries? (And Why Does It Matter?)," Working Papers 309, Center for Global Development.
  227. repec:dau:papers:123456789/5381 is not listed on IDEAS
  228. Uner, Mehmet Mithat & Gungordu, Aybegum, 2016. "The new middle class in Turkey: A qualitative study in a dynamic economy," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 668-678.
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