« Comparing apples with pears. How differences in pesticide residues regulations impact trade? »
Abstract
The impact of food safety standards on international trade has already been addressed. Generally, economists try to assess trade losses borne by exporters when importing countries impose stricter regulations. In this paper we assess the impact of the Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) of pesticides on the trade of apples and pears. Rather than focusing on a particular pesticide we take into account the entire list of substances set out by the various regulations with the aim of understanding how the similarity (or dissimilarity) of these can affect trade. Most studies assess the impact of sanitary standard regulations introducing directly in the analysis the MLR put in force in the importing country. We assume that what can be crucial is the difference in the tolerance levels of both the importing and exporting country. Having built a similarity index we then introduce it into a gravity equation to assess the impact of differences in MRL of pesticides on the trade of apples and pears of seven exporting and seven importing countries. Results suggest that harmonizing regulations impacts trade differently depending on the exporter. ...French Abstract : L’impact sur le commerce international des standards de sécurité alimentaire a souvent éte étudié. Généralement les économistes essaient d’évaluer les pertes supportées par les exportateurs quand les pays importateurs imposent des réglementations plus strictes. Dans cet article, nous évaluons l’impact des Limites Maximales de Résidus (LMR) de pesticides sur le commerce de pommes et de poires. Plutôt que de se focaliser sur un pesticide en particulier, nous prenons en considération la liste complète des substances établie par les diverses réglementations avec pour but de comprendre comment les similarités (ou différences) entre elles affectent le commerce. La plupart des études évaluent l’impact des réglementations sanitaires en introduisant directement dans l’analyse le LMR en vigueur dans le pays importateur. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que ce qui importe c’est plutôt la différence entre les niveaux de tolérance du pays exportateur et importateur. Après avoir construit un indice de similarité, nous l’introduisons dans une équation de gravité pour évaluer l’impact sur le commerce de pommes et poires des différences entre niveaux acceptables de résidus de pesticides pour sept pays exportateurs et sept pays importateurs. Les résultats suggèrent qu’harmoniser les réglementations aurait un impact différent selon le pays exportateur.Download Info
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.Bibliographic Info
Paper provided by UMR MOISA : Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs : CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, IRD - Montpellier, France in its series Working Papers MOISA with number 201201.Length:
Date of creation: 2012
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:umr:wpaper:201201
Contact details of provider:
Postal: 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2
Phone: 04.99.61.25.51
Fax: 04.67.63.54.09
Email:
Web page: http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/moisa/
More information through EDIRC
Related research
Keywords: FOOD SAFETY; STANDARDS; PESTICIDES; MRL; APPLE; PEAR; MARKET ACCESS; SECURITE ALIMENTAIRE; LMR; POMME; POIRE; ACCES AU MARCHE;Find related papers by JEL classification:
- Q13 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
- F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:
- NEP-AGR-2012-05-29 (Agricultural Economics)
- NEP-ALL-2012-05-29 (All new papers)
References
References listed on IDEASPlease report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Cameron,A. Colin & Trivedi,Pravin K., 1998.
"Regression Analysis of Count Data,"
Cambridge Books,
Cambridge University Press, number 9780521635677.
- Cameron,A. Colin & Trivedi,Pravin K., 1998. "Regression Analysis of Count Data," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521632010.
- Martijn Burger & Frank van Oort & Gert-Jan Linders, 2009.
"On the Specification of the Gravity Model of Trade: Zeros, Excess Zeros and Zero-inflated Estimation,"
Spatial Economic Analysis,
Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 4(2), pages 167-190.
- Burger, M.J. & Oort, F.G. van & Linders, G.J.M., 2009. "On the Specification of the Gravity Model of Trade: Zeros, Excess Zeros and Zero-Inflated Estimation," Research Paper ERS-2009-003-ORG, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus Uni.
- Anne-Célia Disdier & Lionel Fontagné & Mondher Mimouni, 2008. "The Impact of Regulations on Agricultural Trade: Evidence from the SPS and TBT Agreements," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 90(2), pages 336-350.
- James E. Anderson & Eric van Wincoop, 2003.
"Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle,"
American Economic Review,
American Economic Association, vol. 93(1), pages 170-192, March.
- James E. Anderson & Eric van Wincoop, 2001. "Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle," NBER Working Papers 8079, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- James E. Anderson & Eric van Wincoop, 2000. "Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle," Boston College Working Papers in Economics 485, Boston College Department of Economics.
- Otsuki, Tsunehiro & S. Wilson, John, 2003. "Food Safety and Trade: Winners and Losers in a Non-Harmonized World," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 18, pages 266-287.
- John Wilson & Tsunehiro Otsuki & Baishali Majumdsar, 2003.
"Balancing food safety and risk: do drug residue limits affect international trade in beef?,"
Journal of International Trade & Economic Development,
Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 12(4), pages 377-402.
- Wilson, John S. & Otsuki, Tsunehiro & Majumdar, Baishali, 2003. "Balancing Food Safety And Risk: Do Drug Residue Limits Affect International Trade In Beef?," 2003 Annual meeting, July 27-30, Montreal, Canada 21971, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
- Xiong, Bo & Beghin, John C., 2010.
"Does European Aflatoxin Regulation Hurt Groundnut Exporters from Africa?,"
Staff General Research Papers
31595, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
- Bo Xiong & John Beghin, 2012. "Does European aflatoxin regulation hurt groundnut exporters from Africa?," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Foundation for the European Review of Agricultural Economics, vol. 39(4), pages 589-609, September.
- Xiong, Bo & Beghin, John C., 2011. "Does European Aflatoxin Regulation Hurt Groundnut Exporters from Africa?," Staff General Research Papers 34936, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
- Wilson, John S. & Tsunehiro Otsuki, 2002.
"To spray or not to spray? - pesticides, banana exports, and food safety,"
Policy Research Working Paper Series
2805, The World Bank.
- Wilson, John S. & Otsuki, Tsunehiro, 2004. "To spray or not to spray: pesticides, banana exports, and food safety," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 131-146, April.
- Joao Santos Silva & Silvana Tenreyro, 2005.
"The Log of Gravity,"
CEP Discussion Papers
dp0701, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
- J. M. C. Santos Silva & Silvana Tenreyro, 2006. "The Log of Gravity," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 88(4), pages 641-658, November.
- Santos Silva, Joao & Tenreyro, Silvana, 2005. "The Log of Gravity," CEPR Discussion Papers 5311, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Winnie Mitullah, 2000. "Food Safety Requirements and Food Exports from Developing Countries: The Case of Fish Exports from Kenya to the European Union," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 82(5), pages 1159-1169.
- Li, Yuan & Beghin, John C., 2010.
"A Meta-Analysis of Estimates of the Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade,"
Staff General Research Papers
31968, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
- Li, Yuan & Beghin, John C., 2012. "A meta-analysis of estimates of the impact of technical barriers to trade," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 497-511.
- Kym Anderson, 2010. "Varietal intensities and similarities of the worldÂ’s wine regions," Wine Economics Research Centre Working Papers 2010-04, University of Adelaide, Wine Economics Research Centre.
- Mauro Vigani & Valentina Raimondi & Alessandro Olper, 2010.
"GMO Regulations, International Trade and the Imperialism of Standards,"
LICOS Discussion Papers
25510, LICOS - Centre for Institutions and Economic Performance, KU Leuven.
- Vigani, Mauro & Raimondi, Valentina & Olper, Alessandro, 2010. "GMO regulations, international trade and the imperialism of standards," Open Access publications from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven urn:hdl:123456789/282997, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven.
- Mullahy, John, 1986. "Specification and testing of some modified count data models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 341-365, December.
- Otsuki, Tsunehiro & Wilson, John S. & Sewadeh, Mirvat, 2001. "Saving two in a billion: : quantifying the trade effect of European food safety standards on African exports," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 26(5), pages 495-514, October.
- Kym Anderson, .
"Terroir rising? Varietal and quality distinctiveness of Australia's wine regions,"
Enometrica,
Enometrica - Review of the Vineyard Data Quantification Society (VDQS) and the European Association of Wine Economists (EuAWE) - Macerata University, Faculty of Communications.
- Kym Anderson, 2009. "Terroir Rising? Varietal and Quality Distinctiveness of AustraliaÂ’s Wine Regions," School of Economics Working Papers 2009-18, University of Adelaide, School of Economics.
- Anderson, Kym, 2009. "Terroir rising? Varietal and quality distinctiveness of Australia’s wine regions," 2009 Conference (53rd), February 11-13, 2009, Cairns, Australia 48050, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society.
- Santos Silva, J.M.C. & Tenreyro, Silvana, 2010. "On the existence of the maximum likelihood estimates in Poisson regression," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 107(2), pages 310-312, May.
- Mark N. Harris & László Kónya & László Mátyás, 2002. "Modelling the Impact of Environmental Regulations on Bilateral Trade Flows: OECD, 1990-1996," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(3), pages 387-405, 03.
Citations
Lists
This item is not listed on Wikipedia, on a reading list or among the top items on IDEAS.Statistics
Access and download statisticsCorrections
When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:umr:wpaper:201201For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (Isabelle Perez).
If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.
If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form.
If the full references list an item that is present in RePEc, but the system did not link to it, you can help with this form.
If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.
Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

