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Effort levels in contests: an empirical application of the Tullock model

Author

Listed:
  • Stephen Dobson
  • John Goddard
  • Frank Stahler

Abstract

Empirical applications of the Tullock contest model are rare, due in part to the non-observability of effort. This paper presents an application of the standard Tullock model in a setting where effort can be observed and explained. A simple contest model is used to predict levels of effort in English soccer, with data on fouls and yellow and red cards used to reflect the effort of teams. Effort levels are found to be higher in matches between evenly balanced teams, and in matches with implications for end-of-season outcomes. The results suggest that the teams’ effort levels are strategic complements.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephen Dobson & John Goddard & Frank Stahler, 2008. "Effort levels in contests: an empirical application of the Tullock model," NBS Discussion Papers in Economics 2008/9, Economics, Nottingham Business School, Nottingham Trent University.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbs:wpaper:2008/9
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Tullock contest; team sport; strategic complements.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L83 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Sports; Gambling; Restaurants; Recreation; Tourism

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