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An Integrated Model of Downtown Parking and Traffic Congestion

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  • Richard Arnott
  • Eren Inci

Abstract

This paper presents a downtown parking model that integrates traffic congestion and saturated on-street parking. We assume that the stock of cars cruising for parking adds to traffic congestion. Two major results come out from the model, one of which is robust. The robust one is that, whether or not the amount of on-street parking is optimal, it is efficient to raise the on-street parking fee to the point where cruising for parking is eliminated without parking becoming unsaturated. The other is that, if the parking fee is fixed at a sub-optimal level, it is second-best optimal to increase the amount of curbside allocated to parking until cruising for parking is eliminated without parking becoming unsaturated.

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Bibliographic Info

Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 11118.

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Date of creation: Feb 2005
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:11118

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References

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  1. Verhoef, Erik T. & Rouwendal, Jan & Rietveld, Piet, 1999. "Congestion Caused by Speed Differences," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(3), pages 533-556, May.
  2. Arnott, Richard & de Palma, Andre & Lindsey, Robin, 1991. "A temporal and spatial equilibrium analysis of commuter parking," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(3), pages 301-335, August.
  3. Richard Arnott & John Rowse, 1997. "Modeling Parking," Boston College Working Papers in Economics 350., Boston College Department of Economics.
  4. Westin, Richard B. & Gillen, David W., 1978. "Parking location and transit demand : A case study of endogenous attributes in disaggregate mode choice models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 75-101, August.
  5. Edward Calthrop & Stef Proost, 2002. "Regulating on-street parking," Energy, Transport and Environment Working Papers Series ete0202, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Centrum voor Economische Studiën, Energy, Transport and Environment.
  6. Verhoef, Erik T., 2001. "An Integrated Dynamic Model of Road Traffic Congestion Based on Simple Car-Following Theory: Exploring Hypercongestion," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(3), pages 505-542, May.
  7. Anderson, Simon P. & de Palma, Andre, 2004. "The economics of pricing parking," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(1), pages 1-20, January.
  8. Edward Calthrop, 2001. "When consumers can decide not to pay a tax: enforcing and pricing urban on-street parking space," Energy, Transport and Environment Working Papers Series ete0110, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Centrum voor Economische Studiën, Energy, Transport and Environment.
  9. Wilson, John D., 1983. "Optimal road capacity in the presence of unpriced congestion," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 337-357, May.
  10. Glazer, Amihai & Niskanen, Esko, 1992. "Parking fees and congestion," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 123-132, March.
  11. Shoup, Donald C., 2005. "The High Cost of Free Parking," University of Chicago Press Economics Books, University of Chicago Press, number 9781884829987, dez..
  12. Vickrey, William S, 1969. "Congestion Theory and Transport Investment," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 59(2), pages 251-60, May.
  13. Richard Arnott & Tilmann Rave & Ronnie Schöb, 2005. "Alleviating Urban Traffic Congestion," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262012197.
  14. Erik Verhoef & Jan Rouwendal & Piet Rietveld, 1997. "Congestion caused by Speed Differences," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 97-105/3, Tinbergen Institute.
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Citations

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Cited by:
  1. Russo, Antonio, 2010. "Voting on traffic congestion policy with two levels of government," MPRA Paper 24776, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  2. Jos van Ommeren & Derk Wentink, 2010. "The (Hidden) Cost of Employer Parking Policies," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 10-048/3, Tinbergen Institute.
  3. Richard Arnott & Eren Inci, 2008. "The Stability Of Downtown Parking And Traffic Congestion," Working Papers 200813, University of California at Riverside, Department of Economics, revised Nov 2008.
  4. Andrew Kelly, J. & Peter Clinch, J., 2006. "Influence of varied parking tariffs on parking occupancy levels by trip purpose," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 13(6), pages 487-495, November.
  5. Mogens Fosgerau & André De Palma, 2012. "The dynamics of urban traffic congestion and the price of parking," Working Papers hal-00742104, HAL.
  6. van Ommeren, Jos & Wentink, Derk & Dekkers, Jasper, 2011. "The real price of parking policy," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(1), pages 25-31, July.
  7. Martijn Kobus & Eva Gutierrez Puigarnau & Piet Rietveld & Jos Van Ommeren, 2012. "The On-Street Parking Premium and Car Drivers' Choice between Street and Garage Parking," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 12-040/3, Tinbergen Institute.
  8. Jos van Ommeren & Derk Wentink & Jasper Dekkers, 2009. "The Real Price Of Parking Policy," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 09-083/3, Tinbergen Institute.
  9. Arnott, Richard & Rowse, John, 2009. "Curbside Parking Time Limits," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt21p8f8b2, University of California Transportation Center.
  10. Russo, Antonio, 2012. "Voting on Road Congestion Policy," TSE Working Papers 12-310, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), revised Nov 2012.
  11. Hasker, Kevin & Inci, Eren, 2012. "Free Parking for All in Shopping Malls," MPRA Paper 35978, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  12. Santos, Georgina & Behrendt, Hannah & Maconi, Laura & Shirvani, Tara & Teytelboym, Alexander, 2010. "Part I: Externalities and economic policies in road transport," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 2-45.
  13. Zhang, Xiaoning & Yang, Hai & Huang, Hai-Jun, 2011. "Improving travel efficiency by parking permits distribution and trading," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 45(7), pages 1018-1034, August.
  14. Arnott, Richard & Inci, Eren & Rowse, John, 2011. "Downtown Parking and Traffic Congestion: A Diagrammatic Exposition," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt4sb0975r, University of California Transportation Center.
  15. Kelly, J. Andrew & Clinch, J. Peter, 2009. "Temporal variance of revealed preference on-street parking price elasticity," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 193-199, August.
  16. Gallo, Mariano & D'Acierno, Luca & Montella, Bruno, 2011. "A multilayer model to simulate cruising for parking in urban areas," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 18(5), pages 735-744, September.
  17. Arnott, Richard & Rowse, John, 2009. "Downtown parking in auto city," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 1-14, January.
  18. Arnott, Richard, 2011. "A Bathtub Model of Traffic Congestion," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt9zx130zz, University of California Transportation Center.
  19. Jos van Ommeren & Derk Wentink & Piet Rietveld, 2010. "Empirical Evidence on Cruising for Parking," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 10-028/3, Tinbergen Institute.
  20. Richard J. Arnott & Eren Inci & John Rowse, 2013. "Downtown Curbside Parking Capacity," CESifo Working Paper Series 4085, CESifo Group Munich.

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