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Crise ivoirienne, envois de fonds et pauvreté au Burkina Faso

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  • Jean-Pierre Lachaud

    (GREThA - Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Fondée sur les deux enquêtes auprès des ménages de 1998 et 2003, la recherche propose une analyse de la dynamique des envois de fonds de Côte d'Ivoire, et de leur impact sur la pauvreté au Burkina Faso. Deux principales conclusions émergent de cette investigation, les envois de fonds étant considérés comme un transfert exogène de revenus. En premier lieu, l'étude montre à la fois une baisse significative et une nouvelle distribution relative des envois de fonds de Côte d'Ivoire au cours de la période 1998-2003. Alors que plus de la moitié des ménages ayant des transferts bénéficiaient d'une redistribution en provenance de Côte d'Ivoire en 1998 – 21,1 pour cent –, ils n'étaient plus que 4,8 pour cent en 2003, soit le quart des familles recevant des envois de fonds. De ce fait, le volume des transferts de Côte d'Ivoire a chuté de 67,8 pour cent en termes réels entre 1998 et 2003, une évolution confirmée par les statistiques de la BCEAO concernant l' « épargne rapatriée » de ce pays. En même temps, parmi les ménages pauvres, la part relative des envois de fonds de Côte d'Ivoire a chuté – 64,5 pour cent du volume des transferts privés en 1998, contre 46,7 pour cent en 2003 –, contrairement aux ménages aisés – 30 pour cent du haut de la distribution –, et la proportion des pauvres ayant des transferts de Côte d'Ivoire a été divisée par 7,8, contre seulement 2,6 pour les riches. De plus, ces changements s'accompagnent d'une double évolution au cours de la période : (i) une diminution du montant moyen des transferts reçus de Côte d'Ivoire par les pauvres – 6,7 à 5,1 milliers de F.Cfa par tête et par an ; (ii) une forte baisse des transferts ivoiriens par rapport aux dépenses par tête. Une modélisation logistique multinomiale des déterminants de la pauvreté confirme cette évolution. En deuxième lieu, l'étude suggère une relation significative entre le déclin des envois de fonds de Côte d'Ivoire et la hausse de la pauvreté au cours de la période. Tout d'abord, l'estimation d
(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

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  • Jean-Pierre Lachaud, 2005. "Crise ivoirienne, envois de fonds et pauvreté au Burkina Faso," Post-Print hal-00404903, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-00404903
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    1. Lachaud, Jean-Pierre, 2007. "HIV prevalence and poverty in Africa: Micro- and macro-econometric evidences applied to Burkina Faso," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 26(3), pages 483-504, May.
    2. Jean-Pierre Lachaud, 2008. "Le travail des enfants et la pauvreté en Afrique : un réexamen appliqué au Burkina Faso," Economie & Prévision, La Documentation Française, vol. 0(5), pages 47-65.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being
    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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