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Exploring Time-Varying Jump Intensities: Evidence from S&P500 Returns and Options

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Author Info
Peter Christoffersen ()
Kris Jacobs ()
Chayawat Ornthanalai
Abstract

Standard empirical investigations of jump dynamics in returns and volatility are fairly complicated due to the presence of latent continuous-time factors. We present a new discrete-time framework that combines heteroskedastic processes with rich specifications of jumps in returns and volatility. Our models can be estimated with ease using standard maximum likelihood techniques. We provide a tractable risk neutralization framework for this class of models which allows for separate modeling of risk premia for the jump and normal innovations. We anchor our models in the literature by providing continuous time limits of the models. The models are evaluated by fitting a long sample of S&P500 index returns, and by valuing a large sample of options. We find strong empirical support for time-varying jump intensities. A model with jump intensity that is affine in the conditional variance performs particularly well both in return fitting and option valuation. Our implementation allows for multiple jumps per day, and the data indicate support for this model feature, most notably on Black Monday in October 1987. Our results also confirm the importance of jump risk premia for option valuation: jumps cannot significantly improve the performance of option pricing models unless sizeable jump risk premia are present.

Les recherches empiriques standards portant sur la dynamique des sauts dans les rendements et dans la volatilité sont plutôt complexes en raison de la présence de facteurs inobservables en temps continu. Nous présentons un nouveau cadre d’étude en temps discret qui combine des processus hétéroscédastiques et des caractéristiques à concentration élevée de sauts dans les rendements et dans la volatilité. Nos modèles peuvent être facilement évalués à l’aide des méthodes standards du maximum de vraisemblance. Nous offrons une démarche souple de neutralisation du risque pour cette catégorie de modèles, ce qui permet de modéliser distinctement les primes de risque liées aux sauts et celles liées aux innovations normales. Nous imbriquons nos modèles dans la littérature en établissant leurs limites en temps continu. Ces derniers sont évalués en intégrant un échantillon de rendements à long terme de l’indice S&P 500 et en évaluant un vaste échantillon d’options. Nous trouvons un solide appui empirique en ce qui a trait aux intensités de sauts variant dans le temps. Un modèle avec intensité de saut affine dans la variance conditionnelle est particulièrement efficace sur les plans de l’ajustement des rendements et de l’évaluation des options. La mise en œuvre de notre modèle permet de multiples sauts par jour et les données appuient cette caractéristique, plus particulièrement en ce qui a trait au lundi noir d’octobre 1987. Nos résultats confirment aussi l’importance des primes liées au risque de sauts pour l’évaluation du prix des options : les sauts ne peuvent contribuer à améliorer considérablement la performance des modèles utilisés pour fixer les prix des options, sauf en présence de primes de risque de sauts assez importantes.

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Paper provided by CIRANO in its series CIRANO Working Papers with number 2009s-34.

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Date of creation: 01 Aug 2009
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Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2009s-34

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Keywords: compound Poisson process; option valuation; filtering; volatility jumps; jump risk premia; time-varying jump intensity; heteroskedasticity. ; processus composé de Poisson; évaluation du prix des options; filtrage; sauts liés à la volatilité; primes de risque de sauts; intensité des sauts variant dans le temps; hétéroscédasticité.;

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G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing

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