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Die neue Wohnungsfrage: Gewinner und Verlierer des deutschen Immobilienbooms

Author

Listed:
  • Till Baldenius

    (University of Bonn)

  • Sebastian Kohl

    (Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies)

  • Moritz Schularick

    (University of Bonn)

Abstract

Deutschland steht vor einer neuen Wohnungsfrage. Der anhaltende Boom am Immobilienmarkt spaltet die Gesellschaft in Gewinner und Verlierer. Auf der einen Seite haben die Preissteigerungen seit 2011 deutsche Immobilienbesitzer um etwa 3 Billionen Euro reicher gemacht. Diese Vermögenzuwächse entsprechen in etwa dem deutschen Bruttoinlandsprodukt eines Jahres und übersteigen die gesamte deutsche Staatverschuldung um gut eine Billion Euro. Mehr als die Hälfte der Kapitalgewinne entfiel auf die reichsten 10% der Deutschen, aber auch Haushalte der oberen Mittelschicht (80stes Perzentil) haben stark profitiert. Ihr Vermögen ist durch den Boom um etwa 50% auf 380.000 Euro gestiegen. Städtische Mieterhaushalte mit geringem Einkommen sind die großen Verlierer des Booms. In den Städten sind die Mieten im letzten Jahrzehnt dort am stärksten gewachsen, wo einkommensschwache Haushalte leben („Gentrifizierung“). Obwohl steigende Mieten zeigen, dass das zu geringe Angebot von Wohnraum und nicht das niedrige Zinsumfeld den Boom am Immobilienmarkt treiben, versäumt es Deutschland weiterhin, die niedrigen Zinsen für zusätzliche Investitionen zu nutzen. Unsere Prognose des Wohnungsbedarfs bis 2030 lässt erwarten, dass das soziale Konfliktpotential der neuen Wohnungsfrage weiter zunehmen wird: Im Jahr 2030 werden knapp eine Million Wohnungen fehlen, davon allein 340.000 in den sieben größten Städten.

Suggested Citation

  • Till Baldenius & Sebastian Kohl & Moritz Schularick, 2021. "Die neue Wohnungsfrage: Gewinner und Verlierer des deutschen Immobilienbooms," ECONtribute Policy Brief Series 019, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany.
  • Handle: RePEc:ajk:ajkpbs:019
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Clemens Fuest & Mathias Dolls & Carla Krolage & Florian Neumeier, 2019. "Who Bears the Burden of Real Estate Transfer Taxes? Evidence from the German Housing Market," ifo Working Paper Series 308, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.
    2. Carla Krolage, 2020. "The Effect of Real Estate Purchase Subsidies on Property Prices," ifo Working Paper Series 333, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.
    3. Sebastian Dullien & Ekaterina Jürgens & Christoph Paetz & Sebastian Watzka, 2021. "Makroökonomische Auswirkungen eines kreditfinanzierten Investitionsprogramms in Deutschland," IMK Report 168-2021, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute.
    4. Oliver Lerbs & Lena Nobbe, 2021. "Wie wirtschaftlich sind private Investitionen in öffentlich geförderten Mietwohnungsbau? [How profitable is private investment in public rental housing?]," Zeitschrift für Immobilienökonomie (German Journal of Real Estate Research), Springer;Gesellschaft für Immobilienwirtschaftliche Forschung e. V., vol. 7(2), pages 121-144, October.
    5. Beznoska, Martin & Kauder, Björn & Obst, Thomas, 2021. "Investitionen, Humankapital und Wachstumswirkungen öffentlicher Ausgaben," IW policy papers 2/2021, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute.

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