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House price, credit supply, and government policy in China

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  • Yin Germaschewski

Abstract

. House prices in China have risen rapidly since 2000, accompanied by rapid credit expansion and falling interest rates on loans. This paper compares the stabilization effects and welfare implications of five policies on China's housing and credit markets. Three policies directly target the housing and credit markets: bank capital requirements, loan‐to‐value regulation and a property tax rule. Two broader policies are also considered: the reduction of capital controls and of the nominal exchange rate peg. To quantify the analysis, three prominent features of the Chinese economy—a monopolistically competitive banking sector that is subject to direct government control, a nominal exchange rate peg and capital controls—are built into a new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. The model is estimated with Bayesian methods. Results show that relaxing capital controls is the most effective policy for stabilizing the credit market and the overall economy, while improving welfare. The second most effective approach is bank capital requirements, followed by a property tax rule. In contrast, loan‐to‐value regulation and a relaxation of the nominal exchange rate peg result in welfare losses to the economy. Prix immobiliers, offre de crédit et politique gouvernementale en Chine. Depuis 2000, les prix immobiliers ont rapidement progressé en Chine, avec en parallèle une expansion rapide du crédit et une baisse du taux d'intérêt des prêts. Cet article compare les effets de stabilisation ainsi que les effets sur le bien‐être de cinq politiques relatives aux marchés du logement et du crédit en Chine. Trois d'entre elles ciblent directement les marchés immobiliers et du crédit : les exigences relatives aux fonds propres des banques, la réglementation sur le rapport prêt/valeur et la réglementation sur l'impôt foncier. Deux autres politiques plus larges sont également prises en compte : la réduction des contrôles de capitaux et l'ancrage du taux de change nominal. Afin de quantifier cette analyse, trois caractéristiques essentielles de l'économie chinoise, à savoir un secteur bancaire en situation de concurrence monopolistique soumis à un contrôle direct du gouvernement, un ancrage du taux de change nominal et un contrôle des capitaux, sont intégrées dans un modèle d'équilibre général dynamique stochastique néo‐keynésien. Ce modèle est estimé par l'entremise de méthodes bayésiennes. Les résultats montrent que pour stabiliser le marché du crédit et l'ensemble de l'économie tout en améliorant le bien‐être, la politique la plus efficace réside dans l'allègement des contrôles de capitaux. Viennent ensuite les exigences relatives aux fonds propres des banques et la réglementation sur l'impôt foncier. En revanche, la réglementation sur le rapport prêt/valeur et l'assouplissement de l'ancrage du taux de change nominal sont sources de pertes de bien‐être pour l'économie.

Suggested Citation

  • Yin Germaschewski, 2022. "House price, credit supply, and government policy in China," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 55(2), pages 971-1026, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:55:y:2022:i:2:p:971-1026
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12594
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