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Intrayear Household Income Dynamics and Adolescent School Behavior

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  • Lisa Gennetian
  • Sharon Wolf
  • Heather Hill
  • Pamela Morris

Abstract

Economic life for most American households is quite dynamic. Such income instability is an understudied aspect of households’ economic contexts that may have distinct consequences for children. We examine the empirical relationship between household income instability, as measured by intrayear income change, and adolescent school behavior outcomes using a nationally representative sample of households with adolescents from the Survey of Income and Program Participation 2004 panel. We find an unfavorable relationship between income instability and adolescent school behaviors after controlling for income level and a large set of child and family characteristics. Income instability is associated with a lower likelihood of adolescents being highly engaged in school across the income spectrum and predicts adolescent expulsions and suspensions, particularly among low-income, older, and racial minority adolescents. Copyright Population Association of America 2015

Suggested Citation

  • Lisa Gennetian & Sharon Wolf & Heather Hill & Pamela Morris, 2015. "Intrayear Household Income Dynamics and Adolescent School Behavior," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 52(2), pages 455-483, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:demogr:v:52:y:2015:i:2:p:455-483
    DOI: 10.1007/s13524-015-0370-9
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    1. Avram, Silvia, 2020. "Labour market flexibility and unemployment duration: evidence from the UK," ISER Working Paper Series 2020-11, Institute for Social and Economic Research.
    2. Cai, Julie Y. & Wimer, Christopher & Berger, Lonnie, 2021. "Intra-Year Employment Instability and Economic Wellbeing Among Urban Households: Mitigating Effects of the Social Safety Net," SocArXiv vxtdq, Center for Open Science.
    3. Bradley L. Hardy, 2017. "Income Instability And The Response Of The Safety Net," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 35(2), pages 312-330, April.
    4. Chang, Ling-Yin & Chiang, Tung-liang, 2020. "Association between socioeconomic status and the trajectory of insufficient sleep: Maternal emotional support as a moderator," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    5. Bradley L. Hardy & Dave E. Marcotte, 2022. "Ties that bind? Family income dynamics and children’s post-secondary enrollment and persistence," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 279-303, March.
    6. Zhang, Liwei & Han, Wen-Jui, 2022. "Multidimensional poverty and children’s behavioral trajectories in immigrant families: Beating the odds?," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    7. Monahan, Emma Kahle, 2020. "Income instability and child maltreatment: Exploring associations and mechanisms," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    8. Zietz, Susannah & Lansford, Jennifer E. & Liu, Qin & Long, Qian & Oburu, Paul & Pastorelli, Concetta & Sorbring, Emma & Skinner, Ann T. & Steinberg, Laurence & Tapanya, Sombat & Tirado, Liliana Maria , 2022. "A longitudinal examination of the family stress model of economic hardship in seven countries," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    9. Cai, Julie Yixia, 2021. "Earnings instability and child protection: Evidence from state administrative data," SocArXiv y825p, Center for Open Science.
    10. Liwei Zhang & Wen-Jui Han, 2017. "Poverty Dynamics and Academic Trajectories of Children of Immigrants," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-31, September.
    11. Paul Christian & Brian Dillon, 2018. "Growing and Learning When Consumption Is Seasonal: Long-Term Evidence From Tanzania," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 55(3), pages 1091-1118, June.
    12. Pankaj C. Patel & Cornelius A. Rietveld & Jack I. Richter, 2022. "The relation between public assistance and self-employment in census tracts: a long-term perspective," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 32(3), pages 891-927, July.
    13. Gennetian, Lisa A. & Rodrigues, Christopher & Hill, Heather D. & Morris, Pamela A., 2018. "Stability of income and school attendance among NYC students of low-income families," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 20-30.
    14. Cai, Julie Y. & Wimer, Christopher & Berger, Lawrence & Maury, Matthew, 2023. "Intra-year employment instability and economic well-being among urban households: Mitigating effects of the social safety net," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    15. Mari, Gabriele & Keizer, Renske & van Gaalen, Ruben, 2022. "The Timing of Parental Unemployment, Insurance, and Children's Education," SocArXiv 7rm6g, Center for Open Science.
    16. Gassman-Pines, Anna & Bellows, Laura & Copeland, William E. & Hoyle, Rick H. & Odgers, Candice L., 2023. "Day-to-day variation in adolescent food insecurity," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    17. Morrissey, Taryn W. & Cha, Yun & Wolf, Sharon & Khan, Mariam, 2020. "Household economic instability: Constructs, measurement, and implications," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    18. Taryn W. Morrissey, 2023. "The Earned Income Tax Credit and Short-Term Changes in Parents’ Time Investments in Children," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 44(2), pages 412-433, June.
    19. Silvia Avram & Mike Brewer & Paul Fisher & Laura Fumagalli, 2022. "Household Earnings and Income Volatility in the UK, 2009–2017," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 20(2), pages 345-369, June.

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