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Bullying at school and labour market outcomes

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  • Nick Drydakis

Abstract

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to examine the long-term correlates of bullying in school with aspects of functioning in adult employment outcomes. Design/methodology/approach - – Bullying is considered and evaluated as a proxy for unmeasured productivity, and a framework is provided that outlines why bullying might affect employment outcomes through differences in skills and traits. Using Bivariate and Heckit models the paper employs a variety of specifications and finds several interesting patterns. Findings - – By utilising the 2008 Greek Behavioural Study data set the regression outcomes suggest that labour force participation, employment rate and hourly wages are negatively affected by bullying. In addition, men, homosexuals, immigrants, unmarried people, those having higher negative mental health symptoms, and those having lower human capital are more negatively affected by bullying in terms of labour force participation, employment probability and hourly wages. Moreover, Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions suggest that labour force participation gaps, employment gaps and hourly wage gaps between minority and majority groups, especially for gay men and the disabled, can be explained by bullying incidents. Practical implications - – It seems likely that having been a victim of bullying also has economic implications later in life due to withdrawal from the labour market and lower wages. Originality/value - – The retrospective bullying index used in the current study measured the combined and ordered effect of the duration and intensity of bullying, which generates 17 outcomes that ultimately capture a large range of alternative options. In addition, the author suggested that bullying might be understood as a productivity trait that provides a direct input into the production process, which might drive abilities or traits and influence adult employment outcomes. Contemporary economic analysis suggests that cognitive and non-cognitive skills are important factors that affect labour productivity through reasoning ability and productivity.

Suggested Citation

  • Nick Drydakis, 2014. "Bullying at school and labour market outcomes," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 35(8), pages 1185-1211, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:eme:ijmpps:v:35:y:2014:i:8:p:1185-1211
    DOI: 10.1108/IJM-08-2012-0122
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    Citations

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    As found by EconAcademics.org, the blog aggregator for Economics research:
    1. The impact of bullying
      by Economic Logician in Economic Logic on 2013-08-16 19:51:00

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    Cited by:

    1. Nick Drydakis, 2019. "School‐Age Bullying, Workplace Bullying and Job Satisfaction: Experiences of LGB People in Britain," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 87(4), pages 455-488, July.
    2. Drydakis, Nick & Sidiropoulou, Katerina & Patnaik, Swetketu & Selmanovic, Sandra & Bozani, Vasiliki, 2017. "Masculine vs Feminine Personality Traits and Women’s Employment Outcomes in Britain: A Field Experiment," GLO Discussion Paper Series 152, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    3. Dimitrios Nikolaou, 2022. "Identifying the effects of bullying victimization on schooling," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 40(1), pages 162-189, January.
    4. Swati Mukerjee, 2018. "Childhood Bullying and Labor Market Outcomes in The United States," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 46(3), pages 313-335, September.
    5. Liu, Yanrong & Hu, Feng, 2021. "Being bullied at school as a child, worse health as an adult? Evidence from China," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    6. Dimitrios Nikolaou & Laura M. Crispin, 2022. "Estimating the effects of sports and physical exercise on bullying," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 40(2), pages 283-303, April.
    7. Kim, Jun Hyung & Hahlweg, Kurt & Schulz, Wolfgang, 2021. "Early childhood parenting and adolescent bullying behavior: Evidence from a randomized intervention at ten-year follow-up," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Employment; Human capital; Labour market; Employee attitudes; Data analysis; Employees behaviour; Pay differentials; Disadvantaged groups;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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