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Macroeconomía y conciliación familiar: el impacto económico de los jardines infantiles

Author

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  • Bosch, María José

    (Universidad de Los Andes)

  • García, Carlos J.

    (Ilades-Universidad Alberto Hurtado)

  • Manríquez, Marta

    (Universidad Alberto Hurtado)

  • Valenzuela, Gabriel

    (Ilades-Universidad Alberto Hurtado)

Abstract

Background: Chile is a paradoxical case in its economic performance in recent decades. Although this country has implemented significant pro-market modernization reforms, it has an unexpectedly low female participation rate, wasting a vital source of economic growth. Several studies indicate that the cause of this low female labor participation in Chile would be a low conciliation between labor and family life. This experience is an important lesson for other developing economies that want to implement similar reforms. Methodology: In this article, we estimate a general equilibrium model by using Bayesian econometrics to quantify the effects of work-family conciliation at the aggregated level, through the effect of childcare. Results: Taking the case of Chile, we estimate important gains in increasing conciliation levels due to an increase in productivity rather than an increase in the labor supply. Conclusions: The main economic policy consequence for other developing or emerging economies is that higher levels of conciliation have important effects on economic activity, exceeding the financing costs.// Antecedentes: Chile ha sido un caso paradójico en su cometido económico en las últimas décadas. Aunque este país implementó importantes reformas de modernización pro mercado, tiene una tasa de participación femenina inesperadamente baja, por lo que se desaprovecha una fuente importante del crecimiento económico. Diversos estudios indican que la causa de esta baja participación laboral femenina en Chile es una baja conciliación entre familias y el mercado laboral. Esta es una lección importante para otras economías en desarrollo que deseen implementar reformas similares. Metodología: en este artículo estimamos un modelo de equilibrio general con econometría bayesiana para cuantificar los efectos de la conciliación familiar y el trabajo a nivel agregado, por el efecto de los jardines infantiles. Resultados: las estimaciones econométricas indican que hay importantes ganancias si aumenta la conciliación, debido a un aumento en la productividad más que a un aumento en la oferta laboral. Conclusiones: la principal consecuencia en política económica para otras economías en desarrollo o emergentes es que aumentar los niveles de conciliación tiene importantes efectos sobre la actividad, pues se superan los costos de su financiamiento.

Suggested Citation

  • Bosch, María José & García, Carlos J. & Manríquez, Marta & Valenzuela, Gabriel, 2018. "Macroeconomía y conciliación familiar: el impacto económico de los jardines infantiles," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(339), pages .543-582, julio-sep.
    • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:85:y:2018:i:339:p:543-582
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v85i339.316
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    Cited by:

    1. Katherina Kuschel & Erica Salvaj, 2018. "Opening the “Black Box”. Factors Affecting Women’s Journey to Top Management Positions: A Framework Applied to Chile," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-13, October.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    participación laboral; familias en macroeconomía; reconciliación;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J81 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Standards - - - Working Conditions
    • J82 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Standards - - - Labor Force Composition
    • J88 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Standards - - - Public Policy
    • E23 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Production
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • E37 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications

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