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Are Schooling and Roads Complementary? Evidence from Income Dynamics in Rural Indonesia

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  • Yamauchi, Futoshi
  • Muto, Megumi
  • Chowdhury, Shyamal
  • Dewina, Reno
  • Sumaryanto, Sony

Abstract

We examine the impact of spatial connectivity on household income growth and non-agriculture labor supply in Indonesia by combining household panel data and village census data during the period of 1995–2007. Our empirical results show that the impacts of improved local road quality on income growth and the transition to non-agricultural labor markets depend on household education and distance to economic centers. In particular, post-primary education significantly increases the benefit from the improvement of local spatial connectivity in remote areas, promoting labor transition to non-agricultural sectors. Education and local road quality are complementary, mutually increasing non-agricultural labor supply and income in remote areas. In contrast, the initial landholding size does not affect the benefit from improved road quality.

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  • Yamauchi, Futoshi & Muto, Megumi & Chowdhury, Shyamal & Dewina, Reno & Sumaryanto, Sony, 2011. "Are Schooling and Roads Complementary? Evidence from Income Dynamics in Rural Indonesia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 39(12), pages 2232-2244.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:wdevel:v:39:y:2011:i:12:p:2232-2244
    DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.04.003
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    Cited by:

    1. Yamauchi, Futoshi, 2015. "Wage Growth, Landholding and Mechanization in Agriculture," 2015 Conference, August 9-14, 2015, Milan, Italy 212611, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    2. Yasuharu Shimamura & Satoshi Shimizutani & Eiji Yamada & Hiroyuki Yamada, 2023. "On the inclusiveness of rural road improvement: Evidence from Morocco," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(3), pages 1721-1745, August.
    3. Liu, Yanyan & Yamauchi, Futoshi, 2013. "Population density, migration, and the returns to human capital and land: Highlights from Indonesia," IFPRI discussion papers 1271, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    4. Futoshi Yamauchi, 2016. "The Effects of Improved Roads on Wages and Employment: Evidence from Rural Labour Markets in Indonesia," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(7), pages 1046-1061, July.
    5. Yamauchi, Futoshi & Dewina, Reno, 2012. "Risks and spatial connectivity evidence from food price crisis in rural Indonesia," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 383-389.
    6. Yamauchi, Futoshi, 2016. "Rising real wages, mechanization and growing advantage of large farms: Evidence from Indonesia," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 62-69.
    7. Yasuharu Shimamura & Satoshi Shimizutani & Eiji Yamada & Hiroyuki Yamada, 2023. "The Gendered Impact of Rural Road Improvement on Schooling Decisions and Youth Employment in Morocco," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 59(3), pages 413-429, March.
    8. Wouter Zant, 2018. "Trains, Trade, and Transaction Costs: How Does Domestic Trade by Rail Affect Market Prices of Malawi Agricultural Commodities?," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 32(2), pages 334-356.
    9. Yamauchi, Futoshi, 2014. "Wage growth, landholding, and mechanization in agriculture : evidence from Indonesia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 6789, The World Bank.
    10. Yamauchi, Futoshi, 2014. "Roads, labor markets, and human capital : evidence from rural Indonesia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7139, The World Bank.
    11. Pierre-Richard Agénor & Baris Alpaslan, 2013. "Child Labor, Intra-Household Bargaining and Economic Growth," Centre for Growth and Business Cycle Research Discussion Paper Series 181, Economics, The University of Manchester.
    12. Chamberlin, Jordan & Jayne, T.S., 2013. "Unpacking the Meaning of ‘Market Access’: Evidence from Rural Kenya," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 245-264.
    13. Ivo Bischoff & Ferry Prasetyia, 2015. "Determinants of local public expenditures on education: empirical evidence for Indonesian districts between 2005 and 2012," MAGKS Papers on Economics 201532, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
    14. Liu, Yanyan & Yamauchi, Futoshi, 2014. "Population density, migration, and the returns to human capital and land: Insights from Indonesia," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 182-193.
    15. Yamauchi, Futoshi, 2012. "Long-term Impacts of Rice Price and Production Seasonality on Human Capital: Evidence from Rural Indonesia," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 126163, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    16. Miyazaki, Suguru & Shimamura, Yasuharu, 2014. "Risk, Infrastructure, and Rural Market Integration: Implications of Infrastructure Provision for Food Markets and Household Consumption in Rural Indonesia," Working Papers 81, JICA Research Institute.
    17. Suchi Kapoor Malhotra & Howard White & Nina Ashley O. Dela Cruz & Ashrita Saran & John Eyers & Denny John & Ella Beveridge & Nina Blöndal, 2021. "Studies of the effectiveness of transport sector interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries: An evidence and gap map," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(4), December.

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