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Establishing the conditions for effective transit-oriented development in China: the case of Dalian

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  • Mu, Rui
  • Jong, Martin de

Abstract

For many years, Dalian has been known as a green city with the modal split most favorable for public transport in all of China. But recent years show a rapid decline in bus and rail ridership. It appears that the consequences of the ’socialist market economy’, such as the unbundling of social life and production activities, the marketization of urban land, and large-scale suburbanization leading many residents to live in locations far away from their jobs and daily services, have promoted the rapid expansion of motorized travel. Consequently, road congestion, air pollution and traffic safety have become major problems in Dalian. Many Chinese metropolises consider the possibility of leading urban growth onto a more sustainable development pathway and turn to the concept of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD). However, TOD could only become a promising solution for sustainable urban transport if thorough examination is conducted at the local and regional levels on how and to what extent conditions for developing effective TOD are fulfilled. Therefore, this article makes an attempt to identify conditions for effective TOD and map them systematically. We will make a distinction between critical and important conditions. After this, the record of Dalian, a coastal city in China with over 6 million people and a good tradition in using public transport which officially embraced the TOD planning method, in meeting those conditions is examined. Conclusions are drawn as to where Dalian’s strengths and weaknesses lie and what actions the Dalian government has taken with regard to each of these conditions. Finally, to transfer the TOD lessons of Dalian to other Chinese cities, we conclude that to make TOD work in China, cities should at least meet all critical conditions such as pedestrian friendly urban design, good governance and high quality transit services. Furthermore, they should at least meet some of the important conditions. Meeting the latter ones can be a gradual process given the fact that most Chinese cities are still in an early stage of their TOD learning curve.

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  • Mu, Rui & Jong, Martin de, 2012. "Establishing the conditions for effective transit-oriented development in China: the case of Dalian," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 234-249.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:24:y:2012:i:c:p:234-249
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.02.010
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    8. Jing Li & Pingyu Zhang & Kevin Lo & Meng Guo & Mark Wang, 2015. "Reducing Carbon Emissions from Shopping Trips: Evidence from China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-15, September.
    9. Li, Guicai & Luan, Xiaofan & Yang, Jiawen & Lin, Xiongbin, 2013. "Value capture beyond municipalities: transit-oriented development and inter-city passenger rail investment in China’s Pearl River Delta," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 268-277.
    10. Mu, Rui & de Jong, Martin, 2016. "A network governance approach to transit-oriented development: Integrating urban transport and land use policies in Urumqi, China," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 55-63.
    11. Zhao, Pengjun & Yang, Hanzi & Kong, Lu & Liu, Yunshu & Liu, Di, 2018. "Disintegration of metro and land development in transition China: A dynamic analysis in Beijing," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 290-307.
    12. Wood, Astrid & Kębłowski, Wojciech & Tuvikene, Tauri, 2020. "Decolonial approaches to urban transport geographies: Introduction to the special issue," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    13. Rui Mu & Martin De Jong, 2018. "A Tale of Two Chinese Transit Metropolises and the Implementation of Their Policies: Shenyang and Dalian (Liaoning Province, China)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-18, February.
    14. Shaoying Li & Xiaoping Liu & Zhigang Li & Zhifeng Wu & Zijun Yan & Yimin Chen & Feng Gao, 2018. "Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Urban Expansion along the Guangzhou–Foshan Inter-City Rail Transit Corridor, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-18, February.
    15. De Vos, Jonas & Van Acker, Veronique & Witlox, Frank, 2014. "The influence of attitudes on Transit-Oriented Development: An explorative analysis," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 326-329.
    16. Abdi, Mohammad Hamed, 2021. "What the newcomers to transit-oriented development are confronted with? Evidence from Iranian policy and planning," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
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    19. Liu, Chengliang & Duan, Dezhong, 2020. "Spatial inequality of bus transit dependence on urban streets and its relationships with socioeconomic intensities: A tale of two megacities in China," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).

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