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Stochastic convergence in per capita energy use in the EU-15 countries. The role of economic growth

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  • Simionescu, Mihaela

Abstract

The European Green Deal initiatives refer to pollution reduction and management of climate changes. The aim of this paper is to analyze the stochastic convergence in per capita energy use in the EU-15 countries in the period 1970–2019. Besides the application of unit root tests with low power, this research proposes subsampling confidence intervals (asymmetrical and equal-tailed confidence intervals) to assess stochastic convergence. The approach based on confidence intervals provides additional information on the persistence of the energy use. 11 countries in the EU-15 registered a convergent pattern, while per capita energy use in Ireland and Spain was persistent. A divergent behaviour was observed in the case of the UK, Germany, Portugal and Italy. The three groups of countries were used in constructing an ANOVA/ linear Dependent Dirichlet Process (DDP) mixture model to show that economic growth is a significant cause for per capita energy use in countries with convergent behaviour. Moreover, EU membership enhances economic activity and also energy use. Specific policies are proposed for each group of countries to decline the per capita energy use.

Suggested Citation

  • Simionescu, Mihaela, 2022. "Stochastic convergence in per capita energy use in the EU-15 countries. The role of economic growth," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:322:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922008157
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119489
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Per capita energy use; Confidence interval; Unit root; Stochastic convergence;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • C53 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Forecasting and Prediction Models; Simulation Methods
    • Q40 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - General

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