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1991
- 1991/109 Currency Diversification of Reserves and Sovereign Debt for Small Open Economies
by Indi Rajasingham - 1991/108 Foreign Currency Deposits: Implications for Macroeconomic Policies
by Mr. Andréas Georgiou - 1991/107 Stopping High Inflation: An Analytical Overview
by Mr. Carlos A. Végh Gramont - 1991/106 Intervention, Interest Rates, and Charts: Three Essays in International Finance
by Mr. Mark P. Taylor - 1991/105 Increasing Export Diversification in Commodity-Exporting Countries: A Theoretical Analysis
by Mr. Dean A. DeRosa - 1991/104 Persistence in the Variability of Daily Exchange Rates
by Mr. George C. Tsibouris - 1991/103 Taxation of Capital Gains: A Review of the Main Issues
by Krister Andersson - 1991/102 An Empirical "Dependent Economy" Model for Pakistan
by International Monetary Fund - 1991/101 Mozambique: Economic Rehabilitation and the Poor
by Mr. Paulo Silva Lopes & Mr. Emilio Sacerdoti - 1991/100 Private Saving and Terms of Trade Shocks: Evidence From Developing Countries
by Mr. Jonathan David Ostry & Ms. Carmen Reinhart - 1991/099 Speculative Attacks and Models of Balance of Payments Crises
by Mr. Robert P Flood & Jagdeep S. Bhandari & Pierre-Richard Agénor - 1991/098 Soft Budget Constraints, Firm Commitments and the Social Safety Net
by International Monetary Fund - 1991/097 Models of Inflation and the Costs of Disinflation
by Mr. Guy M Meredith & Mr. Bankim Chadha & Mr. Paul R Masson - 1991/096 Assessing Target Zone Credibility: Mean Reversion and Devaluation Expectations in the EMS
by Mr. Lars E. O. Svensson - 1991/095 The Effects of Inflationon Economic Growth: Lessons From Latin America
by Mr. Jose De Gregorio - 1991/094 The Cost of Export Subsidies: Evidence From Costa Rica
by Mr. Willy A Hoffmaister - 1991/093 Forecasting Accuracy of Crude Oil Futures Prices
by Mr. Manmohan S. Kumar - 1991/092 Nominal Income Targeting: A Critical Evaluation
by Mr. Victor E. Argy - 1991/091 Fiscal Impulse
by Mr. Garry J. Schinasi & Mr. Mark Scott Lutz - 1991/090 Exchange Rate Regime Choice
by Ms. Nancy P. Marion & Mr. Robert P Flood - 1991/089 Market-Based Fiscal Discipline in Monetary Unions: Evidence From the U.S. Municipal Bond Market
by Mr. Morris Goldstein & Geoffrey Woglom - 1991/088 Islamic Banking
by Mr. Abbas Mirakhor & Mr. Mohsin S. Khan - 1991/087 Credibility and Exchange Rate Management in Developing Countries
by Pierre-Richard Agénor - 1991/086 The Effect of the ERMon Participating Economies
by Mr. Tamim Bayoumi - 1991/085 China: Macroeconomic Cycles in the 1980's
by Hoe Ee Khor - 1991/084 Testing a Disequilibrium Model of Lending Rate Determination: The Case of Malaysia
by Barry Scholnick - 1991/083 Mexico's External Debt and the Return to Voluntary Capital Market Financing
by Mr. Mohamed A. El-Erian - 1991/082 Jordan: Restructuring Public Expenditures and Protecting the Poor
by Mr. Ehtisham Ahmad - 1991/081 Colombia: Economic Adjustment and the Poor
by Mrs. Claire Liuksila - 1991/080 The Romanian Economic Reform Program
by Mr. Dimitri G Demekas & Mr. Mohsin S. Khan - 1991/079 Testing the Credibility of the Belgian Hard Currency Policy
by Mr. Vincent Koen - 1991/078 Growth, Distribution and Politics
by Mr. Guido Enrico Tabellini & Torsten Persson - 1991/077 Exchange-Rate-Based Stabilization under Imperfect Credibility
by Mr. Guillermo Calvo & Mr. Carlos A. Végh Gramont - 1991/076 Index Number Biases During Price Liberalization
by Kent Osband - 1991/075 Fiscal Constraintson Market-Oriented Reform in a Socialist Economy
by Mr. Elias Dinopoulos & Mr. Timothy D. Lane - 1991/074 The Restoration of Latin America's Access to Voluntary Capital Market Financing: Developments and Prospects
by Mr. Mohamed A. El-Erian - 1991/073 Valuation and Treatment of Depletable Resources in the National Accounts
by Mr. Jonathan Levin - 1991/072 The Growth of Indian Public Debt: Dimensions of the Problem and Corrective Measures
by Raja J. Chelliah - 1991/071 Economic Growth in Latin America
by Mr. Jose De Gregorio - 1991/070 Inflation Stabilization and Economic Transformation in Poland: The First Year
by Mr. Timothy D. Lane - 1991/069 Key Questions in Considering a Value-Added Tax for Central and Eastern European Countries
by Sijbren Cnossen - 1991/068 Real Exchange Rate Targeting Under Capital Controls: Can Money Provide a Nominal Anchor?
by Mr. Peter J Montiel & Mr. Jonathan David Ostry - 1991/067 Monetary Growth and Exchange Rate Depreciation As Causes of Inflation in African Countries: An Empirical Analysis
by Mr. Elie Canetti & Mr. Joshua E. Greene - 1991/066 Obstacles to Transforming Centrally-Planned Economies: The Role of Capital Markets
by Mr. Guillermo Calvo & Mr. Jacob A. Frenkel - 1991/065 Structural Funds and the 1992 Program in the European Community
by Mr. James P. F. Gordon - 1991/064 Portfolio Preference Uncertainty and Gains From Policy Coordination
by Mr. Paul R Masson - 1991/063 Real and Nominal Exchange Rates in the Long Run
by Mr. Charles Adams & Mr. Bankim Chadha - 1991/062 Exchange Rate Economics: A Survey
by Mr. Mark P. Taylor & Mr. Ronald MacDonald - 1991/061 Savings, Investment, and Growth in Eastern Europe
by Mr. Peter J Montiel & Mr. Eduardo Borensztein - 1991/060 Oil, National Wealth, and Current and Future Consumption Possibilities
by Gunnar Tersman - 1991/059 General Equilibrium Under Shortage: A Generalized Barro-Grossman Model
by Kent Osband - 1991/058 Central Bank Independence: Issues and Experience
by International Monetary Fund - 1991/057 Money Demand in the Netherlands
by Mr. Bob Traa - 1991/056 Input Shortages in Mixed Economies: An Application to Indian Manufacturing Industries
by Ms. Ratna Sahay - 1991/055 Forced Savings and Repressed Inflation in the Soviet Union: Some Empirical Results
by Mr. Mario I. Bléjer & Mr. Carlo Cottarelli - 1991/054 Military Expenditure: International Comparison of Trends
by Mr. Daniel P. Hewitt - 1991/053 Military Expenditure: Econometric Testing of Economic and Political Influences
by Mr. Daniel P. Hewitt - 1991/052 Protection and the Own-Funds Window in Tanzania: An Analytical Framework and Estimates of the Effects of Trade Liberalization
by Mr. Dean A. DeRosa - 1991/051 Uncovered Interest Parity
by Mr. Peter Isard - 1991/050 Yugoslav Inflation and Money
by Ashok Lahiri - 1991/049 Efficient Arbitrage Under Financial Indexation: The Case of Chile
by Mr. Enrique G. Mendoza - 1991/048 The Demand for Money During High Inflation Episodes: Some Latin American Evidenceon the Cagan Model
by Mr. Mark P. Taylor & Ms. Kate Phylaktis - 1991/047 Commodity and Manufactures Prices in the Long Run
by Mr. James M. Boughton - 1991/046 Sri Lanka: Price Changes and the Poor
by Ms. Anne Marie Gulde - 1991/045 The Demand for Money in Developing Countries: Assessing the Role of Financial innovation
by Mr. Jose De Gregorio & Mr. Peter Wickham & Patricio Arrau & Ms. Carmen Reinhart - 1991/044 Commodity Booms and Government Expenditure Responses
by Mr. Sanjeev Gupta & Mr. Kenneth M. Miranda - 1991/043 Fiscal Reform in European Economies in Transition
by Mr. George Kopits - 1991/042 Collapse of a Crawling Peg Regime in the Presence of a Government Budget Constraint
by Mr. Miguel A Savastano - 1991/041 Collection Lags, Fiscal Revenue and Inflationary Financing: Empirical Evidence and Analysis
by Mr. Nurun N. Choudhry - 1991/040 Market-Based Systems of Monetary Control in Developing Countries: Operating Procedures and Related Issues
by Mr. Chorng-Huey Wong - 1991/039 Bangladesh: Economic Reform Measures and the Poor
by Ms. Padma Gotur - 1991/038 Economic Crisis in a Shortage Economy
by Kent Osband - 1991/037 Do Exchange Rates Work? Another View
by Mr. Robert A. Mundell - 1991/036 Proposals for Privatization in Eastern Europe
by Mr. Eduardo Borensztein - 1991/035 Output Fluctuations and Monetary Shocks: Evidence From Colombia
by Mr. Vincent Reinhart & Ms. Carmen Reinhart - 1991/034 Globalization of Financial Markets and Implications for Pacific Basin Developing Countries
by Mr. David John Goldsbrough & Mr. Ranjit S Teja - 1991/033 From Direct to Indirect Monetary Policy Instruments: The French Experience Reconsidered
by Mr. Marc G Quintyn - 1991/032 Exchange Rate Appreciation As a Signal of a New Policy Stance
by Mr. Georg Winckler - 1991/031 A Noteon Dual Foreign Exchange Markets with official Rationing: Predetermined Versus Floating official Exchange Rate
by Mr. José Saúl Lizondo - 1991/030 Liberalization and Financial Crisis in Uruguay (1974-1987)
by Mr. Alfredo Mario Leone & Mr. Juan Pérez-Campanero - 1991/029 Macroeconomic Implications of Real Exchange Rate Targeting in Developing Countries
by Mr. Peter J Montiel & Mr. Jonathan David Ostry - 1991/028 Macroeconomic Policies and Long-Term Growth: A Conceptual and Empirical Review
by Delano Villanueva & Mr. Mohsin S. Khan - 1991/027 Monetary Policy and the Price Behavior in Emerging Stock Markets
by Mr. Peter Cornelius - 1991/026 Price Pressure Gaps: An Application of P* Using Korean Data
by Mr. Richard D Haas & Mr. Robert J Corker - 1991/025 Real Exchange Rates and Competitiveness: A Clarification of Concepts, and Some Measurements for Europe
by Mr. Leslie Lipschitz & Mr. Donogh McDonald - 1991/024 Integration of Eastern Europe Into the World Trading System
by Ms. Helen B. Junz - 1991/023 Tax Reform in Economies in Transition: A Brief Introduction to the Main Issues
by Mr. Vito Tanzi - 1991/022 International Vat Harmonization: Economic Effects
by Mr. Jacob A. Frenkel & Mr. Steven A. Symansky & Assaf Razin - 1991/021 Estimating the Base of the Value-Added Tax (VAT) in Developing Countries: The Problem of Exemptions
by Mr. George A Mackenzie - 1991/020 On the Information Content of Ldc Secondary Loan Market Prices
by Mr. Mark R. Stone - 1991/019 The Italian Lira in the Narrow Erm Band: The Challenge of Credibility
by Mr. Lazaros E. Molho - 1991/018 A General Equilibrium Model with Informal Financial Markets
by International Monetary Fund - 1991/017 From Centrally-Planned to Market Economies: The Road from CPE to PCPE
by Mr. Jacob A. Frenkel & Mr. Guillermo Calvo - 1991/016 What Have We Learned About Estimating the Demand for Money? a Multicountry Evaluation of Some New Approaches
by Mr. George S Tavlas & Mr. James M. Boughton - 1991/015 An Empirical Exploration of Exchange Rate Target-Zones
by Mr. Donald J Mathieson & Mr. Robert P Flood & Mr. Andrew K. Rose - 1991/014 Poverty Alleviation and Social Safety Net Schemes for Economies in Transition
by Gillian Paull - 1991/013 On the Sequencing of Reforms in Eastern Europe
by Mr. Hans Genberg - 1991/012 Interest Rates in Mexico: The Role of Exchange Rate Expectations and International Creditworthiness
by Hoe Ee Khor & Ms. Liliana Rojas-Suárez - 1991/011 Budgetary Subsidies in Centrally Planned Economies in Transition
by Mr. Robert Holzmann - 1991/010 Speculative Attacks
by Mr. Pablo Emilio Guidotti & Mr. Guillermo Calvo - 1991/009 The Determinants and Efficiency of Local Authority Spending in England
by Mr. James P. F. Gordon & Mr. Tamim Bayoumi - 1991/008 Measuring the Role of Subnational Governments
by Mr. Jonathan Levin - 1991/007 On Interpreting the Random Walk Behavior of Nominal and Real Exchange Rates
by Mr. Charles Adams & Mr. Bankim Chadha - 1991/006 Interest Rates and Government Debt: Are the Linkages Global Rather Than National?
by Mr. Mark Scott Lutz & Mr. Vito Tanzi - 1991/005 Indicators of Fiscal Sustainability
by Ms. Jocelyn Horne - 1991/004 Mobilization of Savings in Eastern European Countries: The Role of the State
by Mr. Vito Tanzi - 1991/003 Response of the Equilibrium Real Exchange Rate to Real Disturbances in Developing Countries
by Mr. Mohsin S. Khan & Mr. Jonathan David Ostry - 1991/002 The Japanese Yen as an International Currency
by Mr. George S Tavlas & Yusuru Ozeki - 1991/001 Welfare Costs of Inflation, Seigniorage, and Financial innovation
by Mr. Jose De Gregorio
1990
- 1990/123 Taxation and the Cost of Capital in Hungary and Poland: A Comparison with Selected European Countries
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/122 Export Processing Zone Groth and Development: Manturian Example
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/121 Financial Market Constraints and Private Investment in a Developing Country
by Mr. Omotunde E. G. Johnson - 1990/120 Financial Sector Reform and Central Banking in Centrally Planned Economies
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/119 Money Supply and Interest Rate Policy in a New-Keynesian Framework
by Mr. Guillermo Calvo & Mr. Carlos A. Végh Gramont - 1990/118 Long-Run Purchasing Power Parity and the Dollar-Sterling Exchange Rate in the 1920's
by Mr. Mark P. Taylor - 1990/117 Capital Mobility in Developing Countries: M386Some Empirical Tests
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/116 Time Varying Risk Premia in Futures Markets
by Graciela Laura Kaminsky & Mr. Manmohan S. Kumar - 1990/115 Management of the Nominal Public Debt Theory and Applications
by Mr. Pablo Emilio Guidotti & Mr. Guillermo Calvo - 1990/114 Parallel Currency Markets in Developing Countries: Theory, Evidence, and Policy Implications
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/113 Output, Employment and Financial Sanctions in South Africa
by Mr. Tamim Bayoumi - 1990/112 Financial Market Volatility and the Implications for Market Regulation: A Survey
by Louis O. Scott - 1990/111 Real Interest Rate Targeting: An Example From Brazil
by Mr. Eric V. Clifton - 1990/110 Credibility and the Dynamics of Stabilization Policy: A Basic Framework
by Mr. Guillermo Calvo & Mr. Carlos A. Végh Gramont - 1990/109 The Macroeconomic Effects of Capital Controls and the Stabilization of the Balance of Trade
by Mr. Enrique G. Mendoza - 1990/108 Exchange Rate Bands with Point Process Fundamentals
by Mr. W. R. M. Perraudin - 1990/107 The Changing Structure of Japanese Trade Flows: The Changing Structure of Japanese Trade Flows
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/106 The Simplest Test of Target Zone Credibility: The Simplest Test of Target Zone Credibility
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/105 Analytical and Methodological Issues in the Measurement of Fiscal Deficits
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/104 European Policy Convergence and the EMS
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/103 Corporate Income Tax Harmonization and Capital Allocation: Corporate Income Tax Harmonization and Capital Allocation
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/102 Structural Models of the Dollar
by Mr. Charles Adams & Mr. Bankim Chadha - 1990/101 Why is Unemployment so High At Full Capacity? The Persistence of Unemployment, the Natural Rate, and Potential Output in the Federal Republic of Germany
by Mr. Thomas Krueger & Mr. David T. Coe - 1990/099 Investment in Housing in the United States: A Portfolio Approach: The Possible Effects of Changes in Tax Policy
by Krister Andersson - 1990/098 The Fiscal and Economic Effects of Federal Credit Assistance Programs
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/097 A Noteon Saving-Investment Correlations in the EMS
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/096 European Fiscal Harmonization and the French Economy
by Mr. W. R. M. Perraudin & Mr. Thierry Pujol - 1990/095 Financial innovation and Consumption in the United Kingdom
by Mr. Tamim Bayoumi - 1990/094 Tax Efficiency in an Open Economy
by Mr. Thierry Pujol & Mr. W. R. M. Perraudin - 1990/093 Industrial Relations and Macroeconomic Performance: An Application to Spain
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/092 Fiscal Policy During the Demise of Central Planning: The Transition to a Market Economy
by Mr. Andrew Feltenstein - 1990/091 Fiscal Policy, the Real Exchange Rate and Commodity Prices
by Ms. Carmen Reinhart - 1990/090 Alternative Dual Exchange Market Regimes: Some Steady State Comparisons
by Mr. José Saúl Lizondo - 1990/089 Tax Policy Options for a United Germany
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/088 Market Valuation of Illiquid Debt and Implications for Conflicts Among Creditors
by Mr. Leonardo Bartolini & Mr. Avinash K Dixit - 1990/087 The Optimal Mix of Inflationary Finance and Commodity Taxation with Collection Lags
by Mr. Avinash K Dixit - 1990/086 The Japanese Tax Reform: Efficiency Versus Equity
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/085 Economic Implications of German Unification for the Federal Republic and the Rest of the World
by Mr. Paul R Masson & Mr. Guy M Meredith - 1990/084 Exchange Restrictions and Devaluation Crises
by Pierre-Richard Agénor - 1990/083 Protection and Export Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa
by Mr. Dean A. DeRosa - 1990/082 Sustainability, Premia, and the Dollar
by Mr. Steven A. Symansky & Mr. Bankim Chadha - 1990/081 Banks in Distress: The Case of Bangladesh
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/080 Stability of Velocity in the Group of Seven Countries: A Kalman Filter Approach
by Mr. Eduard J Bomhoff - 1990/079 Transitional Arrangements for Trade and Payments Among the CMEA Countries
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/078 Macroeconomic Policies and the Balance of Payments in Pakistan: 1972-1986
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/077 Debt Overhang, Debt Reduction and Investment: The Case of the Philippines
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/076 Fiscal Indicators for Economic Growth: Illusory Search?
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/075 The Dynamics of Money Demand and Prices
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/074 Issues in the Reform of Deposit Insurance and Regulation of Depository Institutions
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/073 Monetary Policy in an Emerging European Economic and Monetary Union: Key Issues
by Mr. Jacob A. Frenkel & Mr. Morris Goldstein - 1990/072 Trends and Cycles in the U.S. Economy
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/071 On Noncooperative Capital Income Taxation in Open Economies
by Kenneth Kletzer - 1990/070 Tax Policy and Reform for Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/069 Are Sovereign Debt Secondary Market Returns Sensitive to Macroecoriomic Fundamentals? Evidence from the Contemporary and Interwar Markets
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/068 The Impact of the EC's Internal Marketon Nonmember Countries: The Case of EFTA
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/067 The Composition and Distribution of Financial Assistance From Arab Countries and Arab Regional Institutions
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/066 Possible Implications of Integrating the Corporate and Individual Income Taxes in the United States
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/065 Systemic Financial Risk in Payment Systems
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/064 Risk and Capital Flight in Developing Countries
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/063 Foreign Direct Investment
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/062 Fiscal Policy, Labor Markets and the Poor
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/061 Targeting the Exchange Rate: Empirical Investigation
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/060 Economic and Monetary Union in Europe and Constraintson National Budgetary Policies
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/059 Optimal Tax/Expenditure Competition Strategy of Governments in the Presence of Time Inconsistency: The Case for Investment Tax Abacemencs
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/058 The 1990 Reform of United Kingdom Local Authority Finance
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/057 Government Contingent Liabilities and the Measurement of Fiscal Impact
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/056 Public Policy and the Enviroment: Survey of the Literature
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/055 The Sensitivity of Secondary Sovereign Loan Market Returns to Macroeconomlc Fundamentals
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/054 Taxation Windfall Internationalization Korean Capital Markets
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/053 Long-Run Money Demand in Large Industrial Countries
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/052 Exchange Rate Expectations: Survey of Survey Studies
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/051 Capital Controls and International Portfolio Theory: A Microeconomic Approach
by Ms. Marjorie B. Rose - 1990/050 Exchange Rate and the Price Level in Socialist Economies
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/049 Stabilization Policy with Bands
by Mr. Daniel Gros - 1990/048 Fiscal Revenue and Inflationary Finance
by Mr. Nurun N. Choudhry - 1990/047 The Transmission Mechanism for Monetary Policy in Developing Countries
by Mr. Peter J Montiel - 1990/046 Inflation-Proof Tax System? Some Lessons From Israel
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/045 Wages, Profitability, and Growth in a Small Open Economy
by Mr. Bankim Chadha - 1990/044 Export Instability and Policy Implications for Developing Countries
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/043 Exchange Rate Forecasting Techniques, Survey Data, and Implications for the Foreign Exchange Market
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/042 Economic Reform and the Demand for Money in China
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/041 Exchange Rate Forecasting Techniques, Survey Data, and Implications for the Foreign Exchange Market
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/040 Private Investment in Developing Countries: An Empirical Analysis
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/039 The IMF and Tax Reform
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/038 The Risk Premiumon Italian Government Debt, 1976-1988
by Mr. Carlo Cottarelli & Mr. Mauro Mecagni - 1990/037 The Current Account in Perspective: Lessons from the Italian Experience
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/036 A Noteon Debt Reduction and Echonomic Efficiency
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/035 Policy Inconsistency and External Debt Service
by International Monetary Fund - 1990/034 The Integration of Macro and Microeconomic Relations in Dynamic Policy Models: The Case of Saving and Investment Behavior
by Ary Lars Bovenberg