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Out of the shadows: a classification of economies by the size and character of their informal sector

Citations

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  1. Colin C. Williams & Ioana A. Horodnic, 2015. "Explaining and tackling the shadow economy in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania: a tax morale approach," Baltic Journal of Economics, Baltic International Centre for Economic Policy Studies, vol. 15(2), pages 81-98.
  2. Colin C. Williams, 2023. "A Modern Guide to the Informal Economy," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 18668.
  3. Bögenhold, Dieter & Klinglmair, Andrea, 2016. "Organizations, Occupations and Decentral Work: On Hybridity and Ambiguity of Own-Account Workers," MPRA Paper 76860, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  4. Danny Buckley & Natalia Vershinina & Peter Rodgers, 2025. "Exploring Informal Work: Gaining Legitimation through Nudging," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 39(2), pages 267-289, April.
  5. Nikolaus Hammer & Réka Plugor, 2019. "Disconnecting Labour? The Labour Process in the UK Fast Fashion Value Chain," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 33(6), pages 913-928, December.
  6. Erhardt, Eva Christine, 2017. "Microfinance beyond self-employment: Evidence for firms in Bulgaria," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 75-95.
  7. Erhardt, Eva, 2017. "Microfinance beyond self-employment: Evidence for firms in Bulgaria," MPRA Paper 79294, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  8. Ian Clark & Trevor Colling, 2019. "New insights into informal migrant employment: Hand car washes in a mid-sized English city," Economic and Industrial Democracy, Department of Economic History, Uppsala University, Sweden, vol. 40(3), pages 755-775, August.
  9. Jeisson Cárdenas & Jaime Montana & Derek Bosworth, 2021. "Which Workers are Most Exposed to covid -19 and Social Distancing Effects in a Dual Labour Market?," Revista de Economía del Rosario, Universidad del Rosario, vol. 24(2).
  10. Ioana Alexandra Horodnic & Colin C. Williams & Oana Țugulea & Iuliana Claudia Stoian Bobâlcă, 2022. "Exploring the Demand-Side of the Informal Economy during the COVID-19 Restrictions: Lessons from Iași, Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-16, June.
  11. Colin C. Williams & Slavko Bezeredi, 2018. "Evaluating Policy Approaches Towards Undeclared Work: Some Lessons from FYR of Macedonia," South-Eastern Europe Journal of Economics, Association of Economic Universities of South and Eastern Europe and the Black Sea Region, vol. 16(2), pages 171-187.
  12. Andrea Fracasso & Giuseppe Vittucci Marzetti & Diego Coletto, 2018. "Informal economy and extractive institutions," Review of Economics and Institutions, Università di Perugia, vol. 9(1).
  13. Fallon, Kathleen M. & Mazar, Alissa & Swiss, Liam, 2017. "The Development Benefits of Maternity Leave," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 102-118.
  14. Beatriz Maria Braga & Eduardo Camargo Oliva & Edson Keyso Miranda Kubo & Steve McKenna & Julia Richardson & Terry Wales, 2021. "An Institutional Approach to Ethical Human Resource Management Practice: Comparing Brazil, Colombia and the UK," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 169(1), pages 57-76, February.
  15. Colin C. Williams & Abbi M. Kedir, 2019. "Explaining cross-country variations in the prevalence of informal sector competitors: lessons from the World Bank Enterprise Survey," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 677-696, September.
  16. Mariña Fernández-Reino & Jonas Radl & María Ramos, 2018. "Employment Outcomes of Ethnic Minorities in Spain: Towards Increasing Economic Incorporation among Immigrants and the Second Generation?," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 6(3), pages 48-63.
  17. Pankaj C. Patel & Cornelius A. Rietveld & Jack I. Richter, 2022. "The relation between public assistance and self-employment in census tracts: a long-term perspective," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 32(3), pages 891-927, July.
  18. Williams Colin C, 2019. "Explaining and tackling the informal economy: an evaluation of competing perspectives," Open Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 2(1), pages 63-75, January.
  19. Colin C Williams, 2017. "Tackling employment in the informal economy: A critical evaluation of the neoliberal policy approach," Economic and Industrial Democracy, Department of Economic History, Uppsala University, Sweden, vol. 38(1), pages 145-169, February.
  20. Sehnbruch, Kirsten & Prieto Suarez, Joaquin & Vidal, Diego, 2025. "Stuck in a bad job? The dynamics of poor-quality employment in Chile, 2004–2019," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 128576, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  21. Salahodjaev, Raufhon, 2015. "Intelligence and Shadow Economy: a Cross-Country Empirical Assessment," MPRA Paper 61976, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  22. McGinnity, Frances & Russell, Helen & Privalko, Ivan & Enright, Shannen & O'Brien, Doireann, 2021. "Monitoring decent work in Ireland," Research Series, Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), number BKMNEXT414.
  23. Ibrahima Barry & Lassana Cissokho, 2025. "Effects of individual and household characteristics on informal entrepreneurship among youths in Senegal," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
  24. Roger Fernandez-Urbano, 2026. "Stayin' Alive: Unemployment and Life Satisfaction during Times of Economic Prosperity and Crisis in Catalonia, Spain," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 182(1), pages 1-28, March.
  25. Williams Colin C. & Horodnic Ioana A., 2015. "Explaining The Prevalence Of The Informal Economy In The Baltics: An Institutional Asymmetry Perspective," European Spatial Research and Policy, Sciendo, vol. 22(2), pages 127-145, December.
  26. Aldea Anamaria Beatrice, 2024. "Understanding Young Informal Workers in the European Union: Pre-Pandemic Labour Market Dynamics," Journal of Social and Economic Statistics, Sciendo, vol. 13(2), pages 82-97.
  27. Ahmad, Waqar & Hussain, Babar, 2023. "Fiscal Policy Effects on Shadow Economy: Empirical Evidence from Developing Countries," Asian Journal of Applied Economics, Kasetsart University, Center for Applied Economics Research, vol. 30(2), July.
  28. Colin C. Williams & Youssef Youssef, 2014. "Combating Informal Employment in Latin America: A Critical Evaluation of the Neo-Liberal Policy Approach," Research in World Economy, Research in World Economy, Sciedu Press, vol. 5(2), pages 1-13, September.
  29. Mariña Fernández-Reino & Jonas Radl & María Ramos, 2018. "Employment Outcomes of Ethnic Minorities in Spain: Towards Increasing Economic Incorporation among Immigrants and the Second Generation?," Social Inclusion, Cogitatio Press, vol. 6(3), pages 48-63.
  30. Arezzo, Maria Felice & Horodnic, Ioana A. & Williams, Colin C. & Guagnano, Giuseppina, 2024. "Measuring participation in undeclared work in Europe using survey data: A method for resolving social desirability bias," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  31. Colin C. Williams & Ioana Alexandra Horodnic & Jan Windebank, 2017. "Evaluating the internal dualism of the informal sector: evidence from the European Union," Journal of Economic Studies, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 44(4), pages 605-616, September.
  32. Colin C Williams & Ioana A Horodnic, 2017. "Evaluating the policy approaches for tackling undeclared work in the European Union," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 35(5), pages 916-936, August.
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