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Emploi et social en France: Description et évaluation

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  • Beninger, Denis

Abstract

La première affirmation résume de manière péremptoire la description d'une France où le quart de la population active travaillerait pour un service public pléthorique incapable de se réformer, où les salaires sont fixés par une grille rigide et le statut « privilégié », une France où le travailleur et le citoyen seraient surprotégés par des législations du travail et sociale généreuses mais étouffantes. Pourtant la France vient de vivre une période (1998-2001) pendant laquelle 400.000 emplois par an furent créés, malgré une croissance, certes élevée, mais non exceptionnelle. Cette performance macroéconomique, la meilleure en Europe après l'Espagne, n'a eu de précédent en France que lors de circonstances particulières : 7% de croissance en 1969, année de l'après mai 1968 et d'une importante dévaluation et 1963, année suivant la fin de la guerre et le rapatriement des réfugiés d'Algérie (Pisani-Ferry, 2000). La phrase polémique du Président de la République se base sur un rapport de la Commission Européenne plaçant la France au douzième rang en terme de richesse par habitant dans l'Union Européenne. Toutefois un rapport de l'OCDE indique que la richesse produite par heure de travail par l'actif français est la plus élevée au monde. La contradiction n'est ici qu'apparente. D'une part la France fait preuve d'un certain dynamisme démographique. D'autre part le Français arrive tardivement sur le marché de l'emploi et part précocement à la retraite. De plus le contingent d'heures travaillées annuel est relativement faible.

Suggested Citation

  • Beninger, Denis, 2003. "Emploi et social en France: Description et évaluation," ZEW Dokumentationen 03-05, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:zewdok:0305
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