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Grüne Grenzen für den Welthandel: Eine ökologische Reform der WTO als Herausforderung an eine Sustainable Global Governance

Author

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  • Santarius, Tilman
  • Dalkmann, Holger
  • Steigenberger, Markus
  • Vogelpohl, Karin

Abstract

Vom 10. bis zum 14. September diesen Jahres verhandelt die Ministerkonferenzder Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) über eine weitere Liberalisierung desWelthandels. Dabei steht für die Umwelt eine Menge auf dem Spiel. Zwar wurdenmit der Doha Deklaration in der gegenwärtigen Verhandlungsrunde einigeVerhandlungen mit Umweltbezug vereinbart. Dies täuscht aber darüber hinweg,dass die WTO noch weit entfernt davon ist, ökologische Aspekte in ihrer Politikangemessen zu berücksichtigen. Vorliegendes Papier analysiert zunächst dieDiskussion über Umweltthemen in der WTO, welche seit über zehn Jahren vorallem im Committee on Trade and Environment (CTE) der WTO geführt wird.Die Analyse zeigt auf, dass zahlreiche Umwelteffekte von Handelsliberalisierungen gar nicht diskutiert wurden, Interessengegensätze zwischen Mitglieds-staaten der WTO eine tief gehende Diskussion vereiteln und Ansätze einerökologischen Reform der WTO bislang keine Chance hatten. Vor dem Hinter-grund dieser Analyse wird sodann eine doppelte Strategie entwickelt. Erstens wirddargelegt, warum die WTO aufgrund ihrer umweltpolitischen Defizite denjenigenInstitutionen ihren Handlungsspielraum lassen sollte, die sich aktiv mit Umwelt-politik beschäftigen. Hierzu wird das Konfliktverhältnis multilateraler Umweltab-kommen und der WTO untersucht. Zunächst erfolgt eine Klassifizierung inunbedenkliche und potentiell kritische Konfliktfälle. Dann wird aufgezeigt, wieeinerseits eine Begrenzung der Zuständigkeiten des Streitschlichtungsorgans der WTO sowie andererseits kooperative, politisch-rechtliche Prozesse zur Lösungder Konflikte zwischen den betroffenen Institutionen eine Lösung bieten und zueiner größeren institutionellen Gleichheit in der globalen politischen Arena führenkönnten. Zweitens wird erörtert, wie ökologische Aspekte Schritt für Schritt in dieWTO integriert werden könnten. Hierzu werden Instrumente der strategischenFolgenabschätzung untersucht. Nach einer eingehenden Analyse der Potenzialeund Grenzen von strategischen Folgenabschätzungen werden Empfehlungen zu ihrer Weiterentwicklung formuliert. Anschließend werden Möglichkeiten darge-stellt, wie strategische Folgenabschätzung in die institutionellen Strukturen derWTO integriert werden könnten, um ökologische Aspekte systematisch in die politischen Entscheidungsprozesse einfließen zu lassen und eine verbessertePartizipation der Öffentlichkeit an der Politik der WTO zu gewährleisten. Dabeiwird einerseits eine Integration strategischer Folgenabschätzungen in den Trade Policy Review Mechanism der WTO und andererseits die Einrichtung eines neuenStrategic Impact Assessment Body innerhalb der WTO diskutiert.

Suggested Citation

  • Santarius, Tilman & Dalkmann, Holger & Steigenberger, Markus & Vogelpohl, Karin, 2003. "Grüne Grenzen für den Welthandel: Eine ökologische Reform der WTO als Herausforderung an eine Sustainable Global Governance," Wuppertal Papers 133, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wuppap:133
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Helm, Carsten, 1995. "Sind Freihandel und Umweltschutz vereinbar? Ökologischer Reformbedarf des GATT/WTO-Regimes," EconStor Books, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, number 122879, July.
    2. Claude Barfield, 2001. "Free Trade, Sovereignty, Democracy: The Future of the World Trade Organization," Books, American Enterprise Institute, number 52877, September.
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    5. repec:aei:rpbook:24252 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Nordström, Håkan & Vaughan, Scott, 1999. "Trade and the environment," WTO Special Studies, World Trade Organization (WTO), Economic Research and Statistics Division, volume 4, number 4.
    7. Biermann, Frank & Simonis, Udo E., 1998. "Needed now: a world environment and development organization," Discussion Papers, Research Professorship Environmental Policy FS II 98-408, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
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    1. Krüger, Timmo, 2013. "Das Hegemonieprojekt der ökologischen Modernisierung," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 41(3), pages 422-456.

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