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CO₂-Bepreisung in Deutschland: Kenntnisstand privater Haushalte im Jahr 2022

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  • Eßer, Jana
  • Frondel, Manuel
  • Sommer, Stephan
  • Wittmann, Julia

Abstract

Im Jahr 2021 wurde in Deutschland die sogenannte CO2-Bepreisung fossiler Kraft- und Brennstoffe eingeführt, um deren Verbrauch zum Zwecke des Klimaschutzes zu reduzieren. Dieser Preisaufschlag auf fossile Energieträger wird in den kommenden Jahren sukzessive erhöht. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Kenntnis der Bürgerinnen und Bürger zur Wirkungsweise und Höhe der CO2-Bepreisung und der für sie daraus resultierenden individuellen finanziellen Konsequenzen. Eine Erhebung unter mehr als 6.000 Haushalten aus dem Jahr 2022 zeigt, dass sich die überwiegende Mehrheit der Befragten überhaupt nicht oder eher schlecht über die CO2-Bepreisung informiert fühlt. Dies bestätigt sich vor allem durch das mangelnde Wissen über die individuellen finanziellen Konsequenzen: Eine überwältigende Mehrheit von über 80 % der Befragten weiß zwar, dass der CO2-Preis auf fossile Kraft- und Brennstoffe wie Benzin, Diesel, Heizöl und Erdgas aufgeschlagen wird. Allerdings können sie die für sie aus dem CO2-Preis folgende Kostenbelastung nicht korrekt abschätzen. Vielmehr überschätzen sie die finanziellen Konsequenzen oft maßlos. Überdies vermuten viele Befragte irrtümlich, dass der CO2-Preis auch auf weitere Güter wie Kerosin oder Plastiktüten erhoben wird. Diese Ergebnisse stellen die Effektivität der CO2-Bepreisung in Frage. Politik und Wissenschaft sind daher gleichermaßen gefordert, durch bessere Kommunikation und höhere Transparenz die Wirksamkeit dieses Klimaschutzinstrumentes zu fördern.

Suggested Citation

  • Eßer, Jana & Frondel, Manuel & Sommer, Stephan & Wittmann, Julia, 2023. "CO₂-Bepreisung in Deutschland: Kenntnisstand privater Haushalte im Jahr 2022," RWI Materialien 157, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:rwimat:157
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

    Panelerhebung; Klimawandel;

    JEL classification:

    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • C25 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities

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