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Alles auf der Schokoladenseite? Nachhaltigkeit in der globalen und österreichischen Kakao- und Schokoladenwertschöpfungskette

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  • Grohs, Hannes
  • Grumiller, Jan

Abstract

Der vorliegende Report diskutiert die gegenwärtige Struktur der globalen Kakao Wertschöpfungskette (KS-WSK). Er zeigt auf, dass sich die arbeitsintensive Produktion von Kakaobohnen stark auf Côte d'Ivoire und Ghana konzentriert, während die kapitalintensive Verarbeitung der Bohnen sowie die Herstellung von Schokolade insbesondere in Europa und den USA erfolgen. Nachdem staatliche und internationale Regulierungen des Kakaosektors in den kakaoproduzierenden Ländern ab den 1980er-Jahren zusehends zurückgedrängt wurden, waren die institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen der globalen KS-WSK in den letzten Jahrzehnten insbesondere durch industrielle Selbstregulierung geprägt. Gleichzeitig kam es zu einer verstärkten Thematisierung sozialer und ökologischer Herausforderungen in der Kette über das Thema Kinderarbeit hinaus. Hierauf wurde mit der Verbreitung unternehmenseigener Nachhaltigkeitsprogramme sowie gemeinsamen Unternehmensinitiativen, die unter anderem unter dem Zusammenschluss der World Cocoa Foundation (WCF) vorangetrieben wurden, reagiert. Zusätzlich stieg die Bedeutung von Zertifizierungsstandards. Dieser Report diskutiert welche Wirkungen die Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der sozialen und ökologischen Nachhaltigkeit in der KS-WSK in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten hatten. Er kommt dabei zu dem Ergebnis, dass bislang noch keine umfassenden Antworten auf die strukturellen Probleme in der globalen KS-WSK gefunden wurden. Der Report schließt mit dem Vorschlag, zivilgesellschaftliche Perspektiven und jene der Unternehmen zusammenzuführen. Die Einrichtung einer Kakaoplattform, wie sie in Deutschland und der Schweiz bereits besteht, könnte Initiativen zur Erhöhung der sozialen und ökologischen Nachhaltigkeit entwickeln.

Suggested Citation

  • Grohs, Hannes & Grumiller, Jan, 2021. "Alles auf der Schokoladenseite? Nachhaltigkeit in der globalen und österreichischen Kakao- und Schokoladenwertschöpfungskette," Research Reports 13/2021, Austrian Foundation for Development Research (ÖFSE).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:oefser:132021
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    1. Tröster, Bernhard & Staritz, Cornelia & Grumiller, Jan & Maile, Felix, 2019. "Commodity dependence, global commodity chains, price volatility and financialisation: Price-setting and stabilisation in the cocoa sectors in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana," Working Papers 62, Austrian Foundation for Development Research (ÖFSE).
    2. Squicciarini, Mara P. & Swinnen, Johan (ed.), 2016. "The Economics of Chocolate," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198726449.
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