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Die Bedeutung internationaler Organisationen für die Nutzung von Ressourcen im Gemeineigentum: das Beispiel des Fischbestandes der Meere

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  • Dicke, Hugo
  • Foders, Federico

Abstract

Der Streit über die Fischereihoheit ist für den überwiegenden Teil des wirtschaftlich nutzbaren Bestandes völkerrechtlich zugunsten der Küstenstaaten entschieden worden. Aus ökonomischer Sicht kann diese Lösung nicht befriedigen, denn sie ist weder theoretisch noch praktisch in der Lage, die mit der Gemeinnutzungsressource Fisch verbundenen negativen Externalitäten zu vermeiden. Die bisherige Erfahrung mit nationalen Fischereipolitiken läßt Bestrebungen erkennen, daß es vor allem einkommens- und beschäftigungspolitische Ziele sind, die die Regierungen verfolgen. Die fischereipolitischen Maßnahmen haben gesamtwirtschaftlich wohlfahrtsmindernd gewirkt. Ein Kurswechsel in der nationalen Fischereipolitik der Küstenstaaten ist nicht zu erwarten. Überdies macht die im neuen Seerecht verankerte Ausweitung nationaler Fischereihoheit schon wegen der meistens grenzüberschreitenden Fischgründe eine internationale Kooperation künftig keineswegs überflüssig. Die Erfahrung mit internationalen Fischereiorganisationen ist aber ebenfalls nicht gerade ermutigend; sie liefert einen zusätzlichen Hinweis auf die Unzulänglichkeit einer staatlichen Fischereipolitik. Der in diesem Beitrag vorgeschlagene Weg, die bei der Fischerei auftretenden Externalitäten zu vermeiden, besteht darin, die Verfügungsrechte über die Fischbestände an private nationale und internationale Organisationen zu vergeben. Damit wäre der Unteilbarkeit der Fischgründe Rechnung getragen. Die Schaffung privater Eigentumsrechte in der Fischerei kann unabhängig von der Lösung der Hoheitsfrage erfolgen; es genügen die internationale Anerkennung von privaten Fischereirechten und die Etablierung eines Fischereigerichts zur Schlichtung von Streitfällen. Sowohl das Informationsproblem als auch das Überwachungsproblem könnten Privaten überlassen werden.

Suggested Citation

  • Dicke, Hugo & Foders, Federico, 1985. "Die Bedeutung internationaler Organisationen für die Nutzung von Ressourcen im Gemeineigentum: das Beispiel des Fischbestandes der Meere," Kiel Working Papers 222, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:222
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    References listed on IDEAS

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