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Leitlinien für eine europäische Wirtschaftspolitik gegenüber China
[Guidelines for a European economic policy towards China]

Author

Listed:
  • Jean, Sebastian
  • Méjean, Isabelle
  • Schularick, Moritz

Abstract

• In diesem Papier (i) erörtern wir die Treiber des chinesischen Erfolgs in der Industrie, (ii) analysieren die daraus resultierenden Herausforderungen für die europäische Wirtschaft und (iii) präsentieren wirtschaftspolitische Leitlinien für die Wirtschaftspolitik im Umgang mit China. • In den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten hat sich China zur weltweit führenden Industrienation entwickelt und steht inzwischen für rund ein Drittel der globalen Wertschöpfung im verarbeitenden Gewerbe. Der industrielle Erfolg Chinas wurde durch eine Kombination aus unterstützender Industrie- und Makropolitik, aber ebenso durch intensiven binnenwirtschaftlichen Wettbewerb und Skaleneffekte begünstigt. • Europäische Unternehmen sehen sich zunehmend mit gravierenden Herausforderungen konfrontiert: wachsender Konkurrenz im Binnen- und Exportmarkt, rückläufige Nachfrage aus China sowie einer Zunahme des Protektionismus in der Weltwirtschaft. In mehreren Schlüsseltechnologien hat China Europa inzwischen überholt. • Angesichts dieser Herausforderungen schlagen wir für Europa eine Strategie vor, welche die Vorteile wirtschaftlicher Offenheit wahrt, ohne jedoch in naiver Weise sensible Bereiche der europäischen Ökonomie einer chinesischen Dominanz zu überlassen. Dies gilt in besonderem Maße für Sektoren, die eng mit nationaler Sicherheit im Bereich Kommunikation, Hochtechnologie und Verteidigung verknüpft sind. • In bedeutenden Sektoren, in denen Europa technologisch im Rückstand ist (z. B. Batterien), besteht die beste Politikstrategie darin, chinesische wie auch andere ausländische Direktinvestitionen in Europa zuzulassen - vorzugsweise gekoppelt an Technologietransfers und Joint Ventures. In Sektoren, die weder strategisch relevant sind noch in denen Europa wettbewerbsfähig ist, besteht die sinnvollste Politikantwort darin, europäischen Konsumenten und Produzenten die Vorteile niedriger chinesischer Preise zugutekommen zu lassen.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean, Sebastian & Méjean, Isabelle & Schularick, Moritz, 2025. "Leitlinien für eine europäische Wirtschaftspolitik gegenüber China [Guidelines for a European economic policy towards China]," Kiel Policy Briefs 197, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkpb:327995
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mr. Daniel Garcia-Macia & Siddharth Kothari & Yifan Tao, 2025. "Industrial Policy in China: Quantification and Impact on Misallocation," IMF Working Papers 2025/155, International Monetary Fund.
    2. Ozge Akinci & Hunter L. Clark & Jeffrey B. Dawson & Matthew Higgins & Silvia Miranda-Agrippino & Ramya Nallamotu & Ethan Nourbash, 2024. "What if China Manufactures a Sugar High?," Liberty Street Economics 20240325, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    3. Todd Gerarden & Mar Reguant & Daniel Yi Xu, 2025. "The Role of Industrial Policy in the Renewable Energy Sector," NBER Chapters, in: Environmental and Energy Policy and the Economy, volume 7, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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