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Optimized demand-based charging networks for long-haul trucking in Europe

Author

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  • Lange, Jan-Hendrik
  • Speth, Daniel
  • Plötz, Patrick

Abstract

Battery electric trucks (BETs) are the most promising option for fast and large-scale CO2 emission reduction in road freight transport. Yet, the limited range and longer charging times compared to diesel trucks make long-haul BET applications challenging, so a comprehensive fast charging network for BETs is required. However, little is known about optimal truck charging locations for longhaul trucking in Europe. Here we derive optimized truck charging networks consisting of publicly accessible locations across the continent. Based on European truck traffic flow estimates for 2030 and actual truck stop locations we construct a long-term minimum charging network that covers the expected charging demand. Our approach introduces an origin-destination pair sampling method and includes local capacity constraints to compute an optimized stepwise network expansion along the highest demand routes in Europe. For an electrification target of 15% BET share in long-haul and without depot charging, our results suggest that about 91% of electric long-haul truck traffic across Europe can be enabled already with a network of 1,000 locations, while 500 locations would suffice for about 50%. We furthermore show how the coverage of origin-destination flows scales with the number of locations and the size of the stations. Ideal locations to cover many truck trips are at highway intersections and along major European road freight corridors (TEN-T core network).

Suggested Citation

  • Lange, Jan-Hendrik & Speth, Daniel & Plötz, Patrick, 2024. "Optimized demand-based charging networks for long-haul trucking in Europe," Working Papers "Sustainability and Innovation" S06/2024, Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:fisisi:300275
    DOI: 10.24406/publica-3402
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Brennan Borlaug & Matteo Muratori & Madeline Gilleran & David Woody & William Muston & Thomas Canada & Andrew Ingram & Hal Gresham & Charlie McQueen, 2021. "Heavy-duty truck electrification and the impacts of depot charging on electricity distribution systems," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 6(6), pages 673-682, June.
    2. Okan Arslan & Oya Ekin Karaşan & Ridha Mahjoub & Hande Yaman, 2019. "A Branch-and-Cut Algorithm for the Alternative Fuel Refueling Station Location Problem with Routing," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 53(4), pages 1107-1125, July.
    3. Patrick Jochem & Carsten Brendel & Melanie Reuter-Oppermann & Wolf Fichtner & Stefan Nickel, 2016. "Optimizing the allocation of fast charging infrastructure along the German autobahn," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 86(5), pages 513-535, July.
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    Keywords

    charging infrastructure; battery trucks; megawatt charging;
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