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Ökonomische Bewertung von staatlichen Investitionen in Forschung und Innovation

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  • Peters, Bettina
  • Hud, Martin
  • Köhler, Christian
  • Licht, Georg

Abstract

Um die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ihrer Volkswirtschaften zu stärken, investieren viele Länder jährlich große Summen in Forschungs- und Entwicklungsaktivitäten. Begründet werden staatliche Förderungen von FuE-und Innovationsaktivitäten (F&I) in der Wirtschaft und direkte staatliche Forschungsaktivitäten vor allem im Bereich der Grundlagenforschung mit dem Vorliegen von Marktversagen und damit verbunden einer Unterinvestition in FuE. Insbesondere die unvollständige Aneigenbarkeit der Erträge aus Forschungsaktivitäten führt zu einem Marktversagen, denn von neuen Forschungsergebnissen profitiert vielfach nicht nur das forschende Unternehmen selbst, sondern auch Dritte. Daneben schränken im Allgemeinen das hohe technologische Risiko und die Marktunsicherheit über die Art und Höhe des Erfolgs von FuE-Projekten sowie Informationsasymmetrien zwischen Unternehmen und Kapitalgeber die Finanzierung von Forschungsvorhaben über den Kapitalmarkt ein. Aktuell werden in Deutschland rund 28 % der gesamten FuE-Ausgaben von staatlicher Seite finanziert. Dabei schwankt der staatliche Finanzierungsanteil zwischen 4.5 % im Wirtschaftssektor, 85 % im universitären Bereich und 91 % in der außeruniversitären Forschung. ... Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurde der aktuelle Stand der Literatur hinsichtlich der Quantifizierung der volkswirtschaftlichen Effekte der staatlichen Forschungsförderung zusammengefasst und einer Bewertung unterzogen. Angesichts zahlreicher Politikmaßnahmen, verschiedener Adressaten der Förderung und ihrer Interaktionen und alternativen Bewertungskriterien ist die Bewertung staatlicher Forschungsförderung ein sehr weites Feld, das differenziert betrachtet werden muss. Es sei jedoch ausdrücklich darauf hingewiesen, dass im Rahmen dieser Studie keine systematische Evaluation einzelner Förderprogramme vorgenommen werden konnte.

Suggested Citation

  • Peters, Bettina & Hud, Martin & Köhler, Christian & Licht, Georg, 2012. "Ökonomische Bewertung von staatlichen Investitionen in Forschung und Innovation," Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem 15-2012, Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation (EFI) - Commission of Experts for Research and Innovation, Berlin.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:efisdi:152012
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    References listed on IDEAS

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