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Recherche-Développement et productivité : un survol de la littérature économétrique

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  • Jacques Mairesse
  • Pierre Mohnen

Abstract

[fre] Pour évaluer les effets des investissements de Recherche et Développement (R-D) sur la productivité des entreprises et secteurs d'activité, plusieurs approches ont été adoptées par les économètres. Même si elles relèvent d'une approche commune, peu d'études sont tout à fait comparables et les résultats dépendent dans une large mesure des types de données et des méthodes d'estimation; de nombreux progrès sont encore à faire . On trouve ainsi que les estimations en coupe sur données d'entreprises des élasticités de recherche sont en général plus élevées que les estimations temporelles. On peut espérer que l'approche (duale) en termes de fonction de coût, qui est encore très peu employée, pourra compléter et enrichir les résultats de l'approche (primale) en termes de fonction de production. . II n'en reste pas moins que la majorité des études confirme que la R-D contribue à améliorer la productivité des entreprises et des secteurs qui investissent en ce domaine ; certaines d'entrés elles montrent en outre que la R-D entraîne des effets externes favorables pour les entreprises qui appartiennent aux mêmes secteurs ou à des secteurs avoisinants. Alors que le rendement du capital physique ne dépasserait que légèrement les taux normaux sur le marché financier, le capital de recherche pourrait avoir globalement, suivant certaines études, des taux de rendement propre et social bien supérieurs. Le stock de capital de recherche est néanmoins beaucoup plus faible que celui du capital physique ; aussi sa contribution directe à la croissance d'ensemble de la productivité, pour significative qu'elle soit, reste relativement modeste. [spa] Investigación-Desarrollo y productividad. Un vuelo por encima de la literature econométrica - Acerca de la estimación del rendimiento de los gastos de Investigación y Desarrollo se adoptaron numerosos enfoques y pocos estudios son estrictamente comparables. Incluso en el marco de un mismo enfoque, los resultados dependen en una buena medida de los modelos y de los métodos de estimación. Es así como las estimaciones en corte dan tasas de rendimiento más elevadas que las estimaciones temporales y el metodo « dual » que es aún poco utilizado, proporciona resultados más significativos que el metodo « primal ». Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios confirman la existencia de una relación entre la productividad y la Investigación-Desarrollo: no solo la Investigación-Desarrollo mejora los resultados en el sector que la ejecuta, además esta lleva consigo efectos externos para los sectores vecinos. . Mientras que la tasa de rendimiento de capital fisico no sobre pasa sino levemente la tasa de rendimiento en el mercado financière el capital-investigación proporciona tasas de rendimiento propias y sociales de por lo menos 15% y 25% respectivamente. Pero, dada la poca importancia de los stocks de investigación, las mismas no contribuyen mucho al crecimiento de la productividad. [eng] Research and Development vs. Productivity. An Outline of Econometric Literature -. Numerous types of approach have been adopted concerning the evaluation of the returns from expenses on research and development, as well as on their effects in terms of productivity, but few studies are wholly comparable. Even within the framework of the same approach, the results depend largely on the models and the methods of evaluation. Thus, evaluations based on cross-sections produce a higher productivity rate than evaluations based on time, and the dual method, which is still seldom used, gives more meaningful results than the primal method. Most studies, however, confirm the existence of a relationship between productivity and research and development. Not only do research and development improve results in the sectors which employ them, but they also produce external effects in related sectors. . The productivity rate of physical capital is only slightly higher than the productivity rate of the financial market, but research capital produces individual and nominal productivity rates of at least 15 and 25% respectively. But given the low level of research funds, they contribute little to productivity growth.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacques Mairesse & Pierre Mohnen, 1990. "Recherche-Développement et productivité : un survol de la littérature économétrique," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 237(1), pages 99-108.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1990_num_237_1_5504
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1990.5504
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1990.5504
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zvi Griliches, 1998. "Interindustry Technology Flows and Productivity Growth: A Reexamination," NBER Chapters, in: R&D and Productivity: The Econometric Evidence, pages 241-250, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    7. Jacques Mairesse & Philippe Cunéo, 1985. "Recherche-développement et performances des entreprises : une étude économétrique sur données individuelles," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 36(5), pages 1001-1042.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kim, Yeong Jae, 2022. "The countervailing effects of stocks of knowledge on low-carbon innovation through international collaboration," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    2. Nathalie Greenan & Jacques Mairesse & Agnès Topiol-Bensaid, 2001. "Information Technology and Research and Developement Impacts on Productivity and Skills: Looking for Correlations on French Firm-Level Data," Working Papers hal-02104933, HAL.
    3. Michele Cincera, 2005. "Firms' productivity growth and R&D spillovers: An analysis of alternative technological proximity measures," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(8), pages 657-682.
    4. Harabi, N., 1995. "Channels of R & D Spillovers: An Empirical Investigation," Papers 37, Universitat Zurich - Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Institut.
    5. Petr Hanel, 2007. "Productivity and innovation: an overview of the issues," Cahiers de recherche 07-22, Departement d'économique de l'École de gestion à l'Université de Sherbrooke.
    6. Mehdi Nehkili & Evelyne Poincelot, 2000. "La fonction R&D et la latitude managériale: une analyse théorique," Revue Finance Contrôle Stratégie, revues.org, vol. 3(1), pages 5-28, March.
    7. Hall, Bronwyn H. & Mairesse, Jacques & Mohnen, Pierre, 2010. "Measuring the Returns to R&D," Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, in: Bronwyn H. Hall & Nathan Rosenberg (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 1033-1082, Elsevier.
    8. Jarle Møen & Helge Sandvig Thorsen, 2017. "Publication Bias in the Returns to R&D Literature," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 8(3), pages 987-1013, September.
    9. César Rodríguez-Gutiérrez & Juan Francisco Canal-Domínguez, 2020. "Knowledge capital and productivity in Spanish industry," Revista de Economía Laboral - Spanish Journal of Labour Economics, Asociación Española de Economía Laboral - AEET, vol. 17, pages 46-64.
    10. Bronwyn H. Hall, 2006. "R&D, productivity and market value," IFS Working Papers W06/23, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    11. Hamdouch, A. & Depret, M.-H., 2000. "Coalitions industrielles, reseaux de firmes et dynamiques de concurrence-cooperation dans les secteurs en cours de globalisation : le cas de l'industrie pharmaceutique," Papiers d'Economie Mathématique et Applications 2000.24, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1).
    12. M. Ishaq Nadiri, 1993. "Innovations and Technological Spillovers," NBER Working Papers 4423, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Johansson, Börje & Lööf, Hans, 2008. "The Impact of Firm’s R&D Strategy on Profit and Productivity," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 156, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    14. Harabi, Najib, 1994. "Technischer Fortschritt in der Schweiz: Empirische Ergebnisse aus industrieökonomischer Sicht [Technischer Fortschritt in der Schweiz:Empirische Ergebnisse aus industrieökonomischer Sicht]," MPRA Paper 6725, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Antonelli, Cristiano & Fassio, Claudio, 2014. "The economics of the light economy," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 89-107.

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