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Stromsubvention als Konjunkturpolitik? Ökonomische Erwägungen zum geplanten Strompreispaket

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  • Henze, Levi

Abstract

Die Bundesregierung plant ein Subventionspaket, um die Strompreise zu senken. Wir diskutieren mögliche Hürden und simulieren eine kurzfristig umsetzbare Strompreissenkung von 2,5 ct/kWh für die Industrie und 5 ct/kWh für private Haushalte: Diese besteht aus der dauerhaften Absenkung der Stromsteuer, einem temporären Netzentgeltzuschuss und einem Brückenstrompreis für die energieintensive Industrie. Über alle Verbrauchsgruppen gleichmäßig zu entlasten, ist nicht praktikabel. Bis 2030 entstehen leicht positive Effekte auf die industrielle Wertschöpfung von jährlich bis zu 10 Milliarden Euro. Für private Haushalte sind Entlastungen bis zu 130 Euro im Jahr zu erwarten, die sich jedoch erst zum Ende der Legislaturperiode einstellen. Für den Bundeshaushalt entstehen bis zu 19 Milliarden Euro jährlicher Zusatzbelastungen. Die induzierte Produktionsleistung wird in der kurzen Frist bis zu 3,6 Millionen Tonnen CO2-Emissionen außerhalb des EU-ETS I erzeugen. Die dauerhafte Absenkung der Stromsteuer dürfte jedoch langfristig jährliche Emissionseinsparungen in der gleichen Größenordnung verursachen. Ein Netzentgeltzuschuss sollte als temporäre Maßnahme ausgestaltet werden. Die dauerhafte Absenkung der Stromsteuer muss anderweitig gegenfinanziert werden. Ein von der EU-Kommission derzeit angedachter gesonderter Industriestrompreis sollte ebenfalls befristet eingesetzt werden. Substanzielle Maßnahmen, um die Strompreise langfristig zu senken, wie die staatliche Beteiligung am Netzausbau, ein ungehinderter Ausbau der Erneuerbaren und eine ausgewogene Kraftwerkstrategie sollten demgegenüber Priorität haben.

Suggested Citation

  • Henze, Levi, 2025. "Stromsubvention als Konjunkturpolitik? Ökonomische Erwägungen zum geplanten Strompreispaket," Papers 320380, Dezernat Zukunft - Institute for Macrofinance, Berlin.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:dzimps:320380
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fischer, Andreas & Schaefer, Thilo, 2025. "Strompreispaket: Kurzfristige Entlastung für Haushalte und KMU," IW-Kurzberichte 49/2025, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute.
    2. Sijm, Jos & Chen, Yihsu & Hobbs, Benjamin F., 2012. "The impact of power market structure on CO2 cost pass-through to electricity prices under quantity competition – A theoretical approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 1143-1152.
    3. Steitz, Janek & Kölschbach Ortego, Axel, 2023. "Implikationen langfristiger Energiekostenunterschiede für energieintensive Industrien und den Wirtschaftsstandort Deutschland," Papers 277911, Dezernat Zukunft - Institute for Macrofinance, Berlin.
    4. Kölschbach Ortego, Axel & Gassen, Nicolas & Steitz, Janek, 2025. "Stromnetzausbau: Kapital mobilisieren, Netzentgelte reduzieren," Papers 319293, Dezernat Zukunft - Institute for Macrofinance, Berlin.
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