IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/bubdps/313014.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Pro-cyclical emissions, real externalities, and optimal monetary policy

Author

Listed:
  • Giovanardi, Francesco
  • Kaldorf, Matthias

Abstract

We study optimal monetary policy in an analytically tractable New Key-nesian DSGE-model with an emission externality. Empirically, emissions are strongly pro-cyclical and output in the flexible price equilibrium overreacts to productivity shocks, relative to the efficient allocation. At the same time, output under-reacts relative to the flexible price allocation due to sticky prices. Therefore, it is not optimal to simultaneously stabilize inflation and to close the natural output gap, even though this would be feasible. Real externalities affect the LQ-approximation to optimal monetary policy and we extend the analysis of Benigno and Woodford (2005) to inefficient flexible price equilibria. For central banks with a dual mandate, optimal monetary policy places a larger weight on output stabilization and targets a non-zero natural output gap, implying a higher optimal inflation volatility.

Suggested Citation

  • Giovanardi, Francesco & Kaldorf, Matthias, 2025. "Pro-cyclical emissions, real externalities, and optimal monetary policy," Discussion Papers 04/2025, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:bubdps:313014
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/313014/1/1919250379.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Raj Chetty & Adam Guren & Day Manoli & Andrea Weber, 2011. "Are Micro and Macro Labor Supply Elasticities Consistent? A Review of Evidence on the Intensive and Extensive Margins," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 101(3), pages 471-475, May.
    2. Bilal, Adrien & Känzig, Diego, 2024. "The Macroeconomic Impact of Climate Change: Global vs. Local Temperature," CEPR Discussion Papers 19203, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    3. Pierpaolo Benigno & Michael Woodford, 2005. "Inflation Stabilization And Welfare: The Case Of A Distorted Steady State," Journal of the European Economic Association, MIT Press, vol. 3(6), pages 1185-1236, December.
    4. Maximilian Konradt & Beatrice Weder, 2023. "Carbon Taxation and Greenflation: Evidence from Europe and Canada," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 21(6), pages 2518-2546.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Pierre‐Richard Agénor & Timothy P. Jackson & Luiz A. Pereira da Silva, 2023. "Global banking, financial spillovers and macroprudential policy coordination," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 90(359), pages 1003-1040, July.
    2. Adrien Bilal & James H. Stock, 2025. "A Guide to Macroeconomics and Climate Change," NBER Working Papers 33567, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Alves, Sergio Afonso Lago, 2014. "Lack of divine coincidence in New Keynesian models," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 33-46.
    4. Liutang Gong & Jianjian Liu & Chan Wang & Liyuan Wu & Heng-fu Zou, 2020. "International trade in intermediate inputs and the welfare gains from monetary policy cooperation," CEMA Working Papers 610, China Economics and Management Academy, Central University of Finance and Economics.
    5. Carlos Montoro & Marco Ortiz, 2020. "The Portfolio Channel of Capital Flows and Foreign Exchange Intervention in A Small Open Economy," Working Papers 168, Peruvian Economic Association.
    6. Montoro, Carlos & Ortiz, Marco, 2016. "Foreign exchange intervention and monetary policy design: a market microstructure analysis," Working Papers 2016-008, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú.
    7. Okano Eiji & Masataka Eguchi, 2019. "Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policy Rules, Welfare Gains and Exogenous Shocks in an Economy with Default Risk," BCAM Working Papers 1902, Birkbeck Centre for Applied Macroeconomics.
    8. Craig Garthwaite & Tal Gross & Matthew J. Notowidigdo, 2014. "Public Health Insurance, Labor Supply, and Employment Lock," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 129(2), pages 653-696.
    9. Paustian, Matthias & Stoltenberg, Christian, 2008. "Optimal interest rate stabilization in a basic sticky-price model," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 32(10), pages 3166-3191, October.
    10. Volker Grossmann & Johannes Schünemann & Holger Strulik, 2024. "Fair Pension Policies with Occupation-Specific Ageing," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 134(663), pages 2835-2875.
    11. Sebastian Dyrda & Marcelo Pedroni, 2015. "Optimal Fiscal Policy in a Model with Uninsurable Idiosyncratic Shocks," Working Papers tecipa-550, University of Toronto, Department of Economics.
    12. Perego, Erica, 2020. "Sovereign risk and asset market dynamics in the euro area," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    13. Jean-Olivier Hairault & Fran√Áois Langot, 2012. "Markups and the Welfare Cost of Business Cycles: A Reappraisal," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 44(5), pages 995-1014, August.
    14. Michael Woodford, 2007. "Interpreting Inflation Persistence: Comments on the Conference on “Quantitative Evidence on Price Determination”," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 39(s1), pages 203-210, February.
    15. Hirte, Georg & Tscharaktschiew, Stefan, 2018. "The impact of anti-congestion policies and the role of labor-supply margins," CEPIE Working Papers 04/18, Technische Universität Dresden, Center of Public and International Economics (CEPIE).
    16. Senay, Ozge & Sutherland, Alan, 2019. "Optimal monetary policy, exchange rate misalignments and incomplete financial markets," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 196-208.
    17. Pierpaolo Benigno & Michael Woodford, 2007. "Optimal Inflation Targeting under Alternative Fiscal Regimes," Central Banking, Analysis, and Economic Policies Book Series, in: Frederic S. Miskin & Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel & Norman Loayza (Series Editor) & Klaus Schmidt-Hebbel (Se (ed.),Monetary Policy under Inflation Targeting, edition 1, volume 11, chapter 3, pages 037-075, Central Bank of Chile.
    18. Schünemann, Johannes & Trimborn, Timo, 2023. "Boosting taxes for boasting about houses? Status concerns in the housing market," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 120-143.
    19. Levine, Paul & Pearlman, Joseph & Pierse, Richard, 2008. "Linear-quadratic approximation, external habit and targeting rules," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 32(10), pages 3315-3349, October.
    20. Üngör, Murat, 2014. "Some thought experiments on the changes in labor supply in Turkey," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 265-272.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Optimal Monetary Policy; Carbon Emissions; Output Gap; Central Bank Loss Function; Phillips Curve;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:zbw:bubdps:313014. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/dbbgvde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.