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A Strategic Market Game with Active Bankruptcy

Author

Listed:
  • J. Geanakoplos
  • I. Karatzas
  • M. Shubik
  • W. Sudderth

Abstract

We construct stationary Markov equilibria for an economy with fiat money, one nondurable commodity, countably-many time periods, and a continuum of agents. The total production of commodity remains constant, but individual agents' endowments fluctuate in a random fashion from period to period. In order to hedge against these random fluctuations, agents find it useful to hold fiat money which they can borrow or deposit at appropriate rates of interest; such activity may take place either at a central bank (which fixes interest rates judiciously) or through a money-market (in which interest rates are determined endogenously). We carry out an equilibrium analysis, based on a careful study of Dynamic Programming equations and on properties of the invariant measures for associated optimally-controlled Markov chains. This analysis yields the stationary distribution of wealth across agents, as well as the stationary price (for the commodity) and interest rates (for the borrowing and lending of fiat money). A distinctive feature of our analysis is the incorporation of bankruptcy, both as a real possibility in an individual agent's optimization problem, and as a determinant of interest rates through appropriate balance equations. These allow a central bank (respectively, a money-market) to announce (respectively, to determine endogenously) interest rates in a way that conserves the total money-supply and controls in ation. General results are provided for the existence of such stationary equilibria, and several explicitly solvable examples are treated in detail. Submitted to Journal of Mathematical Economics.

Suggested Citation

  • J. Geanakoplos & I. Karatzas & M. Shubik & W. Sudderth, 1999. "A Strategic Market Game with Active Bankruptcy," Working Papers 99-04-025, Santa Fe Institute.
    • Handle: RePEc:wop:safiwp:99-04-025
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    Cited by:

    1. Kannai, Yakar & Rosenmüller, Joachim, 2016. "Strategic Behavior on Financial Markets," Center for Mathematical Economics Working Papers 351, Center for Mathematical Economics, Bielefeld University.
    2. Ioannis Karatzas & Martin Shubik & William D. Sudderth, 2008. "Financial Control of a Competitive Economy without Randomness," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 1681, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    3. Beviá, Carmen & Corchón, Luis C. & Yasuda, Yosuke, 2024. "Folk theorem under bankruptcy," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    4. Charles Goodhart,Dimitrios Tsomocos & Martin Shubik, 2013. "Macro-Modelling, Default and Money," FMG Special Papers sp224, Financial Markets Group.
    5. Andrew Lyasoff, 2023. "The Time-Interlaced Self-Consistent Master System of Heterogeneous-Agent Models," Papers 2303.12567, arXiv.org, revised May 2025.
    6. Geanakoplos, John & Karatzas, Ioannis & Shubik, Martin & Sudderth, William D., 2014. "Inflationary equilibrium in a stochastic economy with independent agents," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1-11.
    7. Ioannis Karatzas & Martin Shubik & William D. Sudderth, 2000. "Information and the Existence of Stationary Markovian Equilibrium," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 1261, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    8. Takeoka, Norio, 2003. "On the consistency of stationary Markov equilibria with an exogenous distribution," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 113(2), pages 316-324, December.
    9. Kannai, Yakar & Rosenmüller, Joachim, 2010. "Strategic behavior in financial markets," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(2), pages 148-162, March.
    10. Juergen Huber & Martin Shubik & Shyam Sunder, 2011. "Financing of Public Goods through Taxation in a General Equilibrium Economy: Theory and Experimental Evidence," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 1830, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    11. I. Karatzas & M. Shubik & W. Sudderth, 2000. "A Stochastic Overlapping Generations Economy with Inheritance," Working Papers 00-04-023, Santa Fe Institute.
    12. Huber, Juergen & Shubik, Martin & Sunder, Shyam, 2018. "Financing of public goods through taxation in a general equilibrium economy: Experimental evidence," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 171-188.
    13. Wozny Lukasz & Growiec Jakub, 2012. "Intergenerational Interactions in Human Capital Accumulation," The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 12(1), pages 1-47, June.
    14. Geanakoplos, J. & Karatzas, I. & Shubik, M. & Sudderth, W., 2000. "A strategic market game with active bankruptcy," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 359-396, November.
    15. I. Karatzas & M. Shubik & W. Sudderth, 1997. "A Stochastic Infinite-Horizon Economy with Secured Lending or Unsecured Lending and Bankruptcy," Working Papers 97-12-093, Santa Fe Institute.

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