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Inclusion in Indonesia's Education Sector : A Subnational Review of Gender Gaps and Children with Disabilities

Author

Listed:
  • Afkar,Rythia
  • Yarrow,Noah Bunce
  • Surbakti,Soedarti
  • Cooper,Rachel Danielle

Abstract

This study seeks to examine gender gaps and disability issues in education in Indonesia, and to suggest policy actions as well as future analytical and operational work to address these differences. Field visits were conducted to uncover drivers of gender differences, as well as issues of social inclusion, and to explore policy approaches to improve learning outcomes and educational achievement for all children. Secondary data analysis shows that Indonesia has demonstrated great progress on gender parity in education; however, the national averages mask important variations at the subnational level, including variations of significant male and female disadvantage between and within provinces. Women are still underrepresented in school and government leadership positions, as well as the workforce overall. Despite women making up the majority of the teaching workforce, men dominate the management and leadership roles in schools. The study also reveals significant challenges and offers policy recommendations to ensure inclusivity in education for children with disabilities.

Suggested Citation

  • Afkar,Rythia & Yarrow,Noah Bunce & Surbakti,Soedarti & Cooper,Rachel Danielle, 2020. "Inclusion in Indonesia's Education Sector : A Subnational Review of Gender Gaps and Children with Disabilities," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9282, The World Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:9282
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Daniel Halim & Hillary Johnson & Elizaveta Perova, 2017. "Could Childcare Services Improve Women’s Labor Market Outcomes in Indonesia?," World Bank Publications - Reports 31484, The World Bank Group.
    2. Simone Schaner & Smita Das, 2016. "Female Labor Force Participation in Asia: Indonesia Country Study," ADB Economics Working Paper Series 474, Asian Development Bank.
    3. World Bank, 2018. "Mapping Indonesia’s Civil Service," World Bank Publications - Reports 31017, The World Bank Group.
    4. Gijsbert Stoet & David C Geary, 2013. "Sex Differences in Mathematics and Reading Achievement Are Inversely Related: Within- and Across-Nation Assessment of 10 Years of PISA Data," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(3), pages 1-10, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dessy, Sylvain & Tiberti, Luca & Zoundi, David, 2023. "The gender education gap in developing countries: Roles of income shocks and culture," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 160-180.

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