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Fading hope and the rise in inequality in the United States

Author

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  • Ritzen, Jo

    (UNU‐MERIT, Maastricht University)

  • Zimmermann, Klaus

    (Center for European Studies, Harvard University)

Abstract

A substantial literature claims that the strong increase in inequality over the last decade in Western industrial countries such as the United States (US) would lead to increasing tensions between different socio-economic groups which might in turn hamper economic growth. The population's fading hopes regarding the outlook on the future seem to confirm this. This paper qualifies this interpretation using survey data collected by the Pew Research Center for the People covering 1999-2014. Over the first decade, the decline in hope cannot be traced back to the rising inequality. However, recent data from 2014 suggest that inequality is now a major driver of a lower than ever level of hope. Hence inequality is a recent factor, not the driver of the long-term decline in hope.

Suggested Citation

  • Ritzen, Jo & Zimmermann, Klaus, 2016. "Fading hope and the rise in inequality in the United States," MERIT Working Papers 2016-025, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    • Handle: RePEc:unm:unumer:2016025
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yuji Genda, 2016. "An International Comparison of Hope and Happiness in Japan, the UK, and the US," Social Science Japan Journal, University of Tokyo and Oxford University Press, vol. 19(2), pages 153-172.
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    7. Brian Burgoon, 2013. "Inequality and anti-globalization backlash by political parties," European Union Politics, , vol. 14(3), pages 408-435, September.
    8. Ritzen Jo & Wehner Caroline & Zimmermann Klaus F., 2016. "Euroskepticism, Income Inequality and Financial Expectations," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 16(2), pages 539-576, April.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Stefan Schneck, 2020. "Self-employment as a source of income inequality," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 10(1), pages 45-64, March.
    2. Dorian Kessler, 2020. "Economic Gender Equality and the Decline of Alimony in Switzerland," Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(3), pages 493-518, September.
    3. Marina Faďoš & Mária Bohdalová, 2019. "Unemployment gender inequality: evidence from the 27 European Union countries," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 9(3), pages 349-371, September.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Confidence; ethnicity; hope; human capital; income inequality;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination

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